2018年PETS一级考试口试语法知识：主谓一致
(一)、主谓一致三原则
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。
1. 语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。
Tom ________(is / are)a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。
They often ________(plays / play)football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。
2. 意义一致原则：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。
My family ______(is / are)having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
Twenty dollars ___(is / are)too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。
3. 就近一致原则：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近它的主语。例如：
Not only the teacher but also his students _____(like / likes)playing football.
不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。
There ________(is / are)a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
(二)、主谓一致常考题型
☆1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式;复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。
The desk ________(is / are)Tom’s. 这张桌子是汤姆的。
Some water ________(is / are)in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。
The students ________(is / are)playing football on the playground.
这些学生正在操场上踢足球。
2. more than one + 单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。
More than one student ________(has / have)ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
☆3. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。
Two months ________(is / are)a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。
Twenty pounds ________(is / are)not so heavy. 2 0磅并不太重。
Ten miles ____(is / are)not a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。
Five minus four ________(is / are)one. 5减4等于1。
4. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。
Each boy and each girl ________(has / have)got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。
Every man and every woman ________(is / are)at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。
5. one and a half + 复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
One and a half hours ________(is / are)enough. 一个半小时足够了。
☆6. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
To see ________(is / are)to believe. 眼见为实。
Doing eye exercises ________(is / are)good for your eyes.
做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。
7. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。
A student or two ________(like / likes)to listen to this new teacher’s class.
一两个学生喜欢听这位新老师的课。
☆8. 当主语部分(主语是单数时)含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式;但“名词+as well as+名词”时，谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。
Mike with his father ________(has / have)been to England.
迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
Mike, like his brother, ________(enjoy / enjoys)playing football.
迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
The students as well as the teacher ____(was / were)present at the meeting.
开会的时候，学生们和老师都在场。
9. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物;a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。
The writer and teacher ________(is / are)coming.
那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)
The writer and the teacher ________(is / are)coming.
作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)
A knife and fork ________(is / are)on the table. 桌子上放着一副刀叉。
☆10. people, police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式;family, class, group, team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个一个的具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。
People here ________(is / are)very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。
His family ________(is / are)not large. 他家的人不多。
My family all _____(like / likes)watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。
☆11. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, nobody, everything, no one, nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数。
________(Is / Are)everyone here today? 今天大家到齐了吗?
Something ________(is / are)wrong with him. 他有毛病。
Nobody ________(was / were)in. 没有人在家。
☆12. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Each of them ________(has / have)an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。
Neither answer ________(is / are)correct. 两个答案都不正确。
☆13. 以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等。
No news ________(is / are)good news. 没有消息就是好消息。
Maths _______(is / are)very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。
☆14. 由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式;由or, either…or…， neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。但是如果either, each, neither作主语，则动词为单数形式。
Either my wife or I ________(am / is / are)going.
Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else ________(know / knows)the answer.
Not only you but also he ________(is / are)ready to leave.
Each of us ________(has / have)got a new story book.
Neither of the books ________(is / are)very interesting.
15. 如果主语是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名词”构成时，动词一般用单数形式。但a variety of, a number of +名词复数，动词要用复数形式; .而the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
A number of students ________(is / are)going to visit this place of interest.
The number of the students ________(is / are)over 800
16.以here，there开头的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。
There ________(is / are)a book and three pens on the desk.
Here ________(is / are)some books and paper for you.
☆17. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式;表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。
The poor ________(is / are)very happy, but the rich ________(is / are)sad.
The beautiful ________(live / lives)forever. 美是永存的。
(三)、肯定与否定一致
下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化。
We've had some (money).→ We haven't had _____________ (money).
I was talking to someone.→ I wasn't talking to _____________.
They sometimes visit us.→ They rarely (never, seldom) visit us.
He has arrived already. → He hasn't arrived _____________.
Li is coming, too.→ Li isn't coming, _____________.
Both of us are going.→ Neither of us are going.
He likes both of them.→ He doesn't like either of them.
☆注意：so / neither+助动词+名词/代词结构中须用倒装语序。
My wife likes classic music very much and so do I.
She doesn't like jazz and neither do I.
