Only recently have we learned that these are neurodevelopmental disorders whose early signs might well be picked up in routine podiatric screening. For example, a classic behavior in a child that can precede psychosis later in 1ife is speaking to almost no one, even family, says Nasrallah.
Genes are known to confer vulnerability, but equally important is the environment. Stress or great disappointment can aggravate symptoms; Connecting with an adult in an ongoing relationship can do the opposite. Interventions like social-skills training combined with talk therapy and targeted medication can make a huge difference. Early treatment can lessen the frequency and intensity of psychotic episodes, leaving many patients with only the mildest of symptoms. And the younger the brain, the more malleable is. The ultimate goal is to not only modify evaluation of disease but keep it from arising in the first place. This is achievable, and the path to get there is becoming clear.
51. According to the US Secret Service, school attacks are characterized as .
[A] reactive [B] revengeful
[C] plotted [D] impulsive
52. One common characteristic of school attackers is that .
[A] they exhibit bad academic performances
[B] they have violent thoughts and intimidating behavior
[C] they regard homicide and suicide as ways of tackling despair
[D] they have records of violence and crimes
53. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 3?
[A] There is a huge gap between human mentality.
[B] The school attackers have never had any mental health evaluation.
[C] Medical attention should be paid to the distress of school attackers.
[D] The findings of the report astonished psychiatrists and psychologists.
54. The word “malleable” (Line 5, Paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to .
[A] miserable [B] adaptable
[C] vulnerab1e [D] feeble
55. What can we conclude from the last paragraph?
[A] Both genes and environment should be improved to tackle brain disorders.
[B] Prevention is by far more important than treatment.
[C] Mental disorders are curable, and the earlier the better.
[D] Early treatment can reduce the sufferings and terminate all the symptoms.
Text 4
Scientists have known since 1952 that DNA is the basic stuff of heredity. They’ve known its chemical structure since 1953. They know that human DNA acts like a biological computer program some 3 billion bits long that spells out the instructions for making proteins, the basic building blocks of life.
But everything the genetic engineers have accomplished during the past half-century is just a preamble to the work that Collins and Anderson and legions of colleagues are doing now. Collins leads the Human Genome Project, a 15-year effort to draw the first detailed map of every nook and cranny of gene in human DNA. Anderson, who pioneered the first successful human gene-therapy operations, is leading the campaign to put information about DNA to use as quickly as possible in the treatment and prevention of human diseases.
What they and other researchers are plotting is nothing less than a biomedical revolution. Like Silicon Valley pirates reverse-engineering a computer chip to steal a competitor’s secrets, genetic engineers are decoding life's molecular secrets and trying to use that knowledge to reverse the natural course of disease. DNA in their hands has become both a blueprint and a drug, a pharmacological substance of extraordinary potency that can treat not just symptoms or the diseases that cause them but also the imperfections in DNA that make people susceptible to a disease.
And that’s just the beginning. For all the fevered work being done, however, science is still far away from the Brave New World vision of engineering a perfect human—or even a perfect tomato. Much more research is needed before gene therapy becomes commonplace, and many diseases will take decades to conquer, if they can be conquered at all.
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