2019考研《英语》基础阶段模拟试题及详解（1）_第2页

　　The last century saw a steady gradual increase in 27 , and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, the number of potential listeners 28 , and thus there was some 29 in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a 30 activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would 31 distraction to other readers.

　　Towards the end of the century there was still 32 argument over whether books should be used for information or treated 33 , and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way 34 weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. 35 , its virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was 36 by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a 37 readership on the other.

　　By the end of the century students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate, 38 not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly 39 what the term “reading” 40 .

　　21.[A] contemporary[B] modern[C] medieval [D] western

　　22.[A] undoubtedly[B] really[C] absolutely[D] accordingly

　　23.[A] imagining[B] consuming[C] resuming[D] assuming

　　24.[A] interruption[B] distraction[C] bother[D] pressure

　　25.[A] historical[B] historic[C] history[D] historian

　　26.[A] quality[B] character[C] personality[D] distinctiveness

　　27.[A] literate[B] illiterate[C] literacy[D] literature

　　28.[A] receded[B] declined[C] increased[D] expanded

　　29.[A] limitation[B] necessity[C] reduction[D] shrink

　　30.[A] private[B] overt[C] public[D] secret

　　31.[A] cause[B] effect[C] produce[D] realize

　　32.[A] considerable[B] considerate[C] moderate[D] immoderate

　　33.[A] respectively[B] honorably[C] respectfully[D] relatively

　　34.[A] largely[B] intelligently[C] mentally[D] physically

　　35.[A] However[B]Whatever[C] Whichever[D] Wherever

　　36.[A] replaced[B] taken[C] followed[D] distinguished

　　37.[A] specific[B] special[C] specified[D] specialized

　　38.[A] and[B] if[C] but[D] or

　　39.[A] translated[B] differed[C] shifted[D] altered

　　40.[A] inferred[B] advised[C] induced[D] implied

　　Section III Reading Comprehension

　　Directions:

　　Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

　　Text 1

　　The entrepreneur, according to French economist J.B. Say, “is a person who shifts economic resources out of an area of lower and into an area of higher productivity and yield.” But Say’s definition does not tell us who this entrepreneur is. Some define the entrepreneur simply as one who starts his or her own new and small business. For our purposes, we will define the entrepreneur as a person who takes the necessary risks to organize and manage a business and receives the financial profits and nonmonetary rewards.

　　The man who opens a small pizza restaurant is in business, but is he an entrepreneur? He took a risk and did something, but did he shift resources or start the business? If the answer is yes, then he is considered an entrepreneur. Ray Kroc is an example of an entrepreneur because he founded and established McDonald’s. His hamburgers were not a new idea, but he applied new techniques, resource allocations, and organizational methods in his venture. Ray Kroc upgraded the productivity and yield from the resources applied to create his fast-food chain. This is what entrepreneurs do; this is what entrepreneurship means.

　　Many of the sharp, black-and-white contrasts between the entrepreneur and the professional have faded to gray color. Formerly, professionals such as doctors, lawyers, dentists, and accountants were not supposed to be entrepreneurial, aggressive, or market oriented. They were “above” the market-driven world. Entrepreneurs, on the other hand, were the mavericks of society. They were risk-takers who aggressively sought to make something happen. Long hours were about all the two worlds had in common. However, increased competition, saturated markets, and a more price-conscious public have changed the world of the professionals. Today they need to market their skills, talents, and competencies. Lawyers advertise their services. Doctors specialize in one form of surgery. Accounting firms join with other businesses (e.g., consulting and law) to serve clients.