考研英语翻译中一些常用的结构及其翻译
all but:几乎,差不多 as anything:非常地 anything but:根本不 apart from:除了 but for:要不是 by far:远不,……得多 by no means:根本不 by any means:无论如何 due to:由于 except for:除了 far from:远非 in contact with:与……联系 instead of:而不是 on account of:因为 on the basis of:根据 only to:结果是 might/may as well:还是……的好 not so much…as:与其说……不如说 not really:远不 not to mention:更不用说 let alone:更不用说 no more…than…:和……一样都不 no less than:简直是 nothing less than:完全是 cannot…too…:再……也不过分 rather than:而不是 owing to:由于 It is assumed that:人们认为 It is said that:据说 It is learned that:据闻 It is supposed that:据推测 It is considered that:据估计 It is believed that:人们认为 It is reported that:据报道 It is well-known that:众所周知 It is asserted that:有人断言 It is clear/obvious/evident that:很显然 It can’t be denied that:不可否认 It must be admitted that:必须承认 It must be pointed that:必须指出
考研英语长难句
1. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. (难度系数5,下同)
2. 译文:那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量,并因此能在最
大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。 难句类型:倒装、省略
a本句的正常语序应当是:That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendnts an individuall will have and hence the number of gene copies transmited will be favored.但是因为主语That sex ratio之后的以which引导的修饰它的定语从句,如果按照以上语序,则有头重脚轻之感。所以原文将此长长的从句倒装成谓语will be favored之后。
b在which引导的从句中,有两处省略:第一处在maximize 的第一个宾语the number of descendants that an individuall will have中, an individuall will have是修饰descendants的定语从句,但是,因为descendants在从句中作have的宾语,所以引导词 that 可以省略。第二处省略是在第二个 the number of 之前,省略了与前面一样的成分 that sex ratio which maximizes. And hence在此表示后面的成分作为前面“最大化一个个体的后代的数目的”结果。 意群训练:That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual ◎will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. 2. (This is)A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower .(5++)
难句类型:复杂+倒装+省略;
(这是一种)照亮现实的欲望,此欲望从来就不会唐突的取代后面的那种欲望,后者是我们可以将其部分的理解为一个兼任小说加和科学家的人想要去准确并具体的记录下一朵花的结构和文理的那种意义上的欲望。
A、 这句话读起来别扭的第一个原因,是因为它根本就不是一个句子。句首省略了this is 。这种用一个词代替一个句子的方式如果在书面语中出现,只能出现在高级英语中,因此我们以前的英语学习中从未遇到过。其形式类似于我们中文的“精彩”是“这句话真是精彩”的省略形式。
B、 desire后跟着两个大的修饰成分,一个是to throw over reality a light,其中的a light 是被倒装到了over reality 之后,正常应是throw a light over reality.不过这个便装部分与throw距离不远,读者看得还算懂。关键是第二个修饰成分。注意:从that开始直到句尾结束的长长的定语从句不是修饰其前的light的,而是修饰一开始的desire的。
C、 第二个修饰成分中又来了一个倒装,由于作者为了强调never,所以将其提前,引发了定语从句中的倒装:正常语序应该是that might never be given away,倒装后系动词was被提前,given因为在情态动词might之后所以变成了原型give。A give way to B,是A让位于 B,而A be given way to B, 则是A取代 B。on the part of 之后的部 分修饰后面的 desire,what 引导的从句现场阅读时可以看成一个名词。What 从句中的不定式 to recored exactly and
concretely the structure and texture of a flower中又有一个避免头重脚轻的倒装,正常语序应该是to recored the structure and texture of a flower exactly and concretely。 ◎大宝考研版权所有,拒D、 就算能够看懂这句话的结构,可能仍然理解不了意思。本句的意思是,哈代(注:人名老的冲动是一种简单的、说明现实的欲望,新冲动是一种即是小说家又像科学家的仔细研究一个东西的特点那样的欲望(新冲动),前一种欲望是永远也不能取代后者的。
意群训练:(This is )A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part
of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower .
3. Hardy’s weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones. (3)
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