2017年考研英语翻译练习（text2）

　　Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckbergen told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.

　　First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? (46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problem consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. (47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

　　This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals—the average scientist for one. (48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties—he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. (49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his walking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.

　　The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. (50) They may teach very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing; living in “public and industrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say, is something else.

　　重点词汇：

　　intellectual：

　　adj 1 [通常作定语] of the intellect 智力的;理智的：【例】the intellectual faculties 智能。

　　2 of, interested in or able to deal with things of the mind (eg the arts, ideas for their own sake) rather than practical matters 思维的, 善思考的, 能运用聪明才智的(如艺术、思想等方面，并非指实际事情)：【例】intellectual people 善思考的人;intellectual interests, pursuits, etc 需用脑力的爱好、 研究等。

　　n intellectual person 知识分子; 脑力劳动者：【例】 a play, book, etc for intellectuals 以知识分子为对象的剧、书等。

　　plead ：/ pli:d; plid/

　　v 1 ~ (with sb) (for sth) make repeated urgent requests (to sb) (for sth) 再三恳求或请求(某人)(做某事)：【例】plead for mercy 祈求发慈悲; He pleaded with his parents for a more understanding attitude. 他求父母多加谅解。

　　2 offer (sth) as an explanation or excuse, esp for failing to do sth or for doing sth wrong 提出(理由或藉口)(尤指因未做某事或做错某事)：【例】They asked him to pay for the damage but he pleaded poverty. 他们要他付损害赔偿金, 但他藉口贫穷而不偿还。

　　3 ~ for/against sb (law 律) (of a lawyer) speak to a lawcourt (on behalf of the plaintiff/defendant)(指律师)(在法庭上为原告[被告])提出申诉、答辩或辩护。

　　4 (law 律) present (a case) to a court of law 向法庭陈述(案情)：【例】 They employed the best lawyer they could get to plead their case. 他们聘请了能请到的最好的律师为他们陈述案情。

　　5 (law 律) put (sth) forward as the basis of a case in a court of law (on behalf of sb) (代表某人)向法庭提出(某事)(作为案件的基础)：【例】Counsel for the accused said that he intended to plead insanity, ie that his client was insane and therefore not responsible for his actions. 被告的律师说他想提出案发时被告精神失常这一理由, 为被告不需负法律责任进行辩护。

　　6 ~ (for) sth argue in support of sth; support (a cause) by argument 极力主张; 以辩论支持(某事业)：【例】plead for the modernization of the city's public transport 力主城市公共交通现代化。

　　【形】pleadingly in a begging or an imploring manner 恳求地;乞求地

　　【名】pleadings (律) (原告的)诉状;被告的)答辩状

　　consciously：adv.

　　【形】conscious

　　1 knowing what is going on around one because one is able to use bodily senses and mental powers; awake 感觉到的; 意识到的; 清醒的: 【例】He was in a coma for days, but now he's (fully) conscious again. 他昏迷了几天, 但现在又(完全)清醒了。

　　2 ~ of sth/that... aware; noticing 知道的; 察觉的; 注意到的：【例】be conscious of being watched/that one is being watched 察觉有人在监视自己

　　3 (of actions, feelings, etc) realized by oneself; intentional (指行为、 感情等)自觉的; 蓄意的： 【例】One's conscious motives are often different from one's subconscious ones. 一个人有明显动机的举动跟下意识的举动往往截然不同。

　　4 being particularly aware of and interested in the thing mentioned 对所提到的事物具有深刻认识和浓厚兴趣的：【例】trying to make the workers more politically conscious 努力提高工人的政治觉悟。

　　【名】consciousness

　　[U] 1 (a) state of being conscious(1) 知觉; 清醒状态：【例】The blow caused him to lose consciousness. 那一击打得他失去了知觉. (b) ~ (of sth/that...) state of being aware; awareness 明了; 觉悟：【例】my consciousness of her needs 我对她的需求的了解。

　　2 all the ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc of a person or people 意识： 【例】attitudes that are deeply ingrained in the English consciousness 深深扎根於英国人意识中的看法。

　　articulate

　　adj 1 (of a person) able to express one's ideas clearly in words (指人)能用词语把意思表达清楚的：【例】She's unusually articulate for a ten-year-old. 对一个十岁的孩子来说, 她异乎寻常地能说会道。

　　2 (of speech) clearly pronounced (指讲话)发音清晰的。

　　3 having joints 有关节的。

　　v 1 speak (sth) clearly and distinctly 清楚明白地说(某事)：【例】 I'm a little deaf please articulate (your words) carefully. 我有些耳背--请(把话)仔细说清楚。

　　2 [通常用於被动语态] ~ (sth) with sth form a joint or connect (sth) by joints with sth 形成关节; (用关节)连接：【例】bones that articulate/are articulated with others 以关节与其它骨骼相连的骨骼。

　　【副】articulately

　　【名】articulateness

　　in the light of 按照, 根据, 当作

　　analogous

　　adj ~ (to/with sth) partially similar or parallel; offering an analogy 类似的; 相似的： 【例】 The two processes are not analogous. 这两种过程不相似。

　　encounter

　　v (fml 文) 1 meet or find oneself faced by (sth/sb unpleasant, dangerous, difficult, etc) 遇到或发现自己面临(令人不快的、 危险的、 困难的...某事[某人])：【例】 I encountered many difficulties when I first started this job. 我开始做这项工作时, 遇到许多困难。

　　2 meet (a friend, etc) unexpectedly 邂逅(友人等)。

　　n ~ (with sb/sth) sudden or unexpected (esp hostile) meeting 突然的或意外的(尤指敌对的)相遇：【例】an encounter with an enemy 与敌人的遭遇。

　　ethic

　　n 1 system of moral principles; rules of conduct 道德标准;行为准则：【例】the Puritan ethic 清教徒的伦理观

　　2 ethics n (a) [sing v] science that deals with morals 伦理学：【例】Ethics is a branch of philosophy. 伦理学是哲学的分科。 (b) [pl] moral correctness 道德规范：【例】The ethics of his decision are doubtful. 他的这一决定是否合乎道德规范值得怀疑。

　　【形】ethical

　　1 of morals or moral questions 道德的; 道德上的问题的：【例】largely an ethical problem 主要是道德问题

　　2 morally correct 合乎道德的：【例】His behavior has not been strictly ethical. 他的行为不太道德。

　　eminent

　　adj. 1(of a person) famous and distinguished (指人)著名的, 杰出的, 卓越的：【例】an eminent architect 杰出的建筑师

　　2 [通常作定语] (of qualities) remarkable; outstanding (指品质、 特性)明显的;显著的;突出的：【例】a man of eminent goodness 品德优良的人

　　【副】eminently

　　obviously; outstandingly 明显地;显著地;突出地：【例】She seems eminently suitable for the job. 她看来极适合做这项工作。