2022年考研英语(二)章节习题16

　　1、Text 2 When people talk about a"north-south divide"in Britain they are usually referring to house prices,employment and the ratio of private-sector to public-sector jobs.The south scores higher on all such measures.But new data from the British Trust for Ornithology(BTO),a research charity,hints at the growth of another north-south divide-this time to the north's benefit.Every 20 years the BTO produces a superbly detailed atlas of bird life in Britain and Ireland.The 2007 t0 2011 edition is cheery:more species are tallied than in previous atlases,and many birds are increasing in number.Compared with two decades ago,45%of regular native species are ranging more widely while 32%are living in smaller areas;the rest have stayed put.But the most striking news comes from the north.The overall populations of woodland,farmland and migrant perching birds are up in northern England and Scotland but down in the south.The same is true of individual species such as the garden warbler,bullfinch and swallow.The number of cuckoos,a closely-watched species,declined by 63%in England between 1995 and 2010 but by only 5%in Scotland.Raptors are faring especially well in the south,but their numbers are rising in most parts of Britain.Partly this reflects climate change,suggests Simon Gillings of the BTO.Some birds are drawn to warmer winters in Scotland and northem England;visiting migrants may stick around for longer.Hard though it may be to believe during a week of torrential rain,the south is becoming drier,pushing snipe northward.More efficient farming has squeezed some farmland species.Some birds find it harder to make homes in the south,too.Pressure on housing means dilapidated buildings and barns,handy for nesting,have been converted into human dwellings.Between 2006 and 2012 the number of vacant dwellings fell by 17%in London and by 12%in Kent.Over the same period the number of empty houses increased by 16%in Derbyshire and by 10%in Lancashire:Northern mining villages once full of workers are now sparsely populated,points out Ian Bartlett,a birdwatcher in Hartlepool,in north-east England.They have become hot spots for birds and the people who watch them.Culrural difference also plays a part,thinks Mark Cocker,an expert on birds.The"obsession with tidiness"is stronger in the south,he says.Fewer people cultivate gardens;they prefer to cover them in decking and remove weeds from between concrete slabs.Village greens are mowed short.In contrast,Scotland and northern England have more trees,grassland and wind-swept moors.Less popular with humans,rugged parts of the countryside are filling up with a winged population instead. According to the text,more species are found in the north Britain,because____

　　A climate change plays a major role

　　B some birds enjoy making home in the forest

　　C there is little space for birds in the south

　　D many distinctive birds are killed in the south

　　答案：C  

　　答案解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章第三段，通读第三段之后发现，整个段落都是在说北方鸟的种类多，而提到原因是在第四至六段，第五段首句提到Some birds find it harder to make homes in the south，too.(另外，鸟类在南部栖息变得更难了。)而与这个信息相对应的为C项there is little space for birds in the south“英国南部鸟类栖息空间较小”，故C项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项为最大干扰项，但是文中是说部分原因是天气，但不是最主要的原因，因此应当排除：B项和D项在段落中没有提及，因此排除。

　　2、Text 2 When people talk about a"north-south divide"in Britain they are usually referring to house prices,employment and the ratio of private-sector to public-sector jobs.The south scores higher on all such measures.But new data from the British Trust for Ornithology(BTO),a research charity,hints at the growth of another north-south divide-this time to the north's benefit.Every 20 years the BTO produces a superbly detailed atlas of bird life in Britain and Ireland.The 2007 t0 2011 edition is cheery:more species are tallied than in previous atlases,and many birds are increasing in number.Compared with two decades ago,45%of regular native species are ranging more widely while 32%are living in smaller areas;the rest have stayed put.But the most striking news comes from the north.The overall populations of woodland,farmland and migrant perching birds are up in northern England and Scotland but down in the south.The same is true of individual species such as the garden warbler,bullfinch and swallow.The number of cuckoos,a closely-watched species,declined by 63%in England between 1995 and 2010 but by only 5%in Scotland.Raptors are faring especially well in the south,but their numbers are rising in most parts of Britain.Partly this reflects climate change,suggests Simon Gillings of the BTO.Some birds are drawn to warmer winters in Scotland and northem England;visiting migrants may stick around for longer.Hard though it may be to believe during a week of torrential rain,the south is becoming drier,pushing snipe northward.More efficient farming has squeezed some farmland species.Some birds find it harder to make homes in the south,too.Pressure on housing means dilapidated buildings and barns,handy for nesting,have been converted into human dwellings.Between 2006 and 2012 the number of vacant dwellings fell by 17%in London and by 12%in Kent.Over the same period the number of empty houses increased by 16%in Derbyshire and by 10%in Lancashire:Northern mining villages once full of workers are now sparsely populated,points out Ian Bartlett,a birdwatcher in Hartlepool,in north-east England.They have become hot spots for birds and the people who watch them.Culrural difference also plays a part,thinks Mark Cocker,an expert on birds.The"obsession with tidiness"is stronger in the south,he says.Fewer people cultivate gardens;they prefer to cover them in decking and remove weeds from between concrete slabs.Village greens are mowed short.In contrast,Scotland and northern England have more trees,grassland and wind-swept moors.Less popular with humans,rugged parts of the countryside are filling up with a winged population instead. According to Paragraph 6,"culture difference"relates to______

　　A working style

　　B living environment

　　C farming method

　　D attitude towards the bird's living

　　答案：B  

　　答案解析：推理判断题。根据定位词定位到文章第六段。解题的关键是上下文的信息，通读段落后发现，后文的内容在说南北方的居住环境不同，而与这个信息相对应的为B项living environment，故B项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A、C、D项均不能体现出后文的内容，因此应当排除。

　　3、Text 2 When people talk about a"north-south divide"in Britain they are usually referring to house prices,employment and the ratio of private-sector to public-sector jobs.The south scores higher on all such measures.But new data from the British Trust for Ornithology(BTO),a research charity,hints at the growth of another north-south divide-this time to the north's benefit.Every 20 years the BTO produces a superbly detailed atlas of bird life in Britain and Ireland.The 2007 t0 2011 edition is cheery:more species are tallied than in previous atlases,and many birds are increasing in number.Compared with two decades ago,45%of regular native species are ranging more widely while 32%are living in smaller areas;the rest have stayed put.But the most striking news comes from the north.The overall populations of woodland,farmland and migrant perching birds are up in northern England and Scotland but down in the south.The same is true of individual species such as the garden warbler,bullfinch and swallow.The number of cuckoos,a closely-watched species,declined by 63%in England between 1995 and 2010 but by only 5%in Scotland.Raptors are faring especially well in the south,but their numbers are rising in most parts of Britain.Partly this reflects climate change,suggests Simon Gillings of the BTO.Some birds are drawn to warmer winters in Scotland and northem England;visiting migrants may stick around for longer.Hard though it may be to believe during a week of torrential rain,the south is becoming drier,pushing snipe northward.More efficient farming has squeezed some farmland species.Some birds find it harder to make homes in the south,too.Pressure on housing means dilapidated buildings and barns,handy for nesting,have been converted into human dwellings.Between 2006 and 2012 the number of vacant dwellings fell by 17%in London and by 12%in Kent.Over the same period the number of empty houses increased by 16%in Derbyshire and by 10%in Lancashire:Northern mining villages once full of workers are now sparsely populated,points out Ian Bartlett,a birdwatcher in Hartlepool,in north-east England.They have become hot spots for birds and the people who watch them.Culrural difference also plays a part,thinks Mark Cocker,an expert on birds.The"obsession with tidiness"is stronger in the south,he says.Fewer people cultivate gardens;they prefer to cover them in decking and remove weeds from between concrete slabs.Village greens are mowed short.In contrast,Scotland and northern England have more trees,grassland and wind-swept moors.Less popular with humans,rugged parts of the countryside are filling up with a winged population instead. The text mainly discusses_____

　　A birds thriving in England

　　B new north-south divide

　　C culture difference between north and south

　　D climate change in England

　　答案：B  

　　答案解析：主旨大意题。解决此类题目的关键为，通过做完前四道题，大致猜出文章的中心，同时再次通读各段首句，验证中心。本文的中心很好把控，都是在围绕着南北差异的新变化，即鸟的栖息地变化展开.B项new north-south divide刚好体现了这个内容，故B项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A、C、D项都在个别段落中有体现，但不能概括整个文章的内容，因此应当排除。

　　4、Text 2 When people talk about a"north-south divide"in Britain they are usually referring to house prices,employment and the ratio of private-sector to public-sector jobs.The south scores higher on all such measures.But new data from the British Trust for Ornithology(BTO),a research charity,hints at the growth of another north-south divide-this time to the north's benefit.Every 20 years the BTO produces a superbly detailed atlas of bird life in Britain and Ireland.The 2007 t0 2011 edition is cheery:more species are tallied than in previous atlases,and many birds are increasing in number.Compared with two decades ago,45%of regular native species are ranging more widely while 32%are living in smaller areas;the rest have stayed put.But the most striking news comes from the north.The overall populations of woodland,farmland and migrant perching birds are up in northern England and Scotland but down in the south.The same is true of individual species such as the garden warbler,bullfinch and swallow.The number of cuckoos,a closely-watched species,declined by 63%in England between 1995 and 2010 but by only 5%in Scotland.Raptors are faring especially well in the south,but their numbers are rising in most parts of Britain.Partly this reflects climate change,suggests Simon Gillings of the BTO.Some birds are drawn to warmer winters in Scotland and northem England;visiting migrants may stick around for longer.Hard though it may be to believe during a week of torrential rain,the south is becoming drier,pushing snipe northward.More efficient farming has squeezed some farmland species.Some birds find it harder to make homes in the south,too.Pressure on housing means dilapidated buildings and barns,handy for nesting,have been converted into human dwellings.Between 2006 and 2012 the number of vacant dwellings fell by 17%in London and by 12%in Kent.Over the same period the number of empty houses increased by 16%in Derbyshire and by 10%in Lancashire:Northern mining villages once full of workers are now sparsely populated,points out Ian Bartlett,a birdwatcher in Hartlepool,in north-east England.They have become hot spots for birds and the people who watch them.Culrural difference also plays a part,thinks Mark Cocker,an expert on birds.The"obsession with tidiness"is stronger in the south,he says.Fewer people cultivate gardens;they prefer to cover them in decking and remove weeds from between concrete slabs.Village greens are mowed short.In contrast,Scotland and northern England have more trees,grassland and wind-swept moors.Less popular with humans,rugged parts of the countryside are filling up with a winged population instead. According to the passage,what is"north-south divide"recently?

　　A Home prices.

　　B Job hunting.

　　C Species richness.

　　D Benefit plan.

　　答案：C  

　　答案解析：事实细节题。根据题干关键词对应文章前两段，题目问的是新的南北分歧，在第一段的结尾处提到了新分歧的信息即：But new data from the British Trust for Ornithology(BTO)，a research charity,hints at the growth of another north-south dividc-this time to the north's benefit.[但慈善研究机构英国鸟类研究信托公司(BTO)提供的新数据表明，英国又出现了新的南北分歧问题，而这一次却对英国北部有益。]由此可见，选项中出现了鸟类的相关信息可以作为备选项，刚好C项Species richness(物种丰富度)体现了原文的意思，故C项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A、B、D项在第一段都有体现，但这些信息都是之前的南北差异的体现，而不是最近的，因此应当排除。

　　5、Text 2 When people talk about a"north-south divide"in Britain they are usually referring to house prices,employment and the ratio of private-sector to public-sector jobs.The south scores higher on all such measures.But new data from the British Trust for Ornithology(BTO),a research charity,hints at the growth of another north-south divide-this time to the north's benefit.Every 20 years the BTO produces a superbly detailed atlas of bird life in Britain and Ireland.The 2007 t0 2011 edition is cheery:more species are tallied than in previous atlases,and many birds are increasing in number.Compared with two decades ago,45%of regular native species are ranging more widely while 32%are living in smaller areas;the rest have stayed put.But the most striking news comes from the north.The overall populations of woodland,farmland and migrant perching birds are up in northern England and Scotland but down in the south.The same is true of individual species such as the garden warbler,bullfinch and swallow.The number of cuckoos,a closely-watched species,declined by 63%in England between 1995 and 2010 but by only 5%in Scotland.Raptors are faring especially well in the south,but their numbers are rising in most parts of Britain.Partly this reflects climate change,suggests Simon Gillings of the BTO.Some birds are drawn to warmer winters in Scotland and northem England;visiting migrants may stick around for longer.Hard though it may be to believe during a week of torrential rain,the south is becoming drier,pushing snipe northward.More efficient farming has squeezed some farmland species.Some birds find it harder to make homes in the south,too.Pressure on housing means dilapidated buildings and barns,handy for nesting,have been converted into human dwellings.Between 2006 and 2012 the number of vacant dwellings fell by 17%in London and by 12%in Kent.Over the same period the number of empty houses increased by 16%in Derbyshire and by 10%in Lancashire:Northern mining villages once full of workers are now sparsely populated,points out Ian Bartlett,a birdwatcher in Hartlepool,in north-east England.They have become hot spots for birds and the people who watch them.Culrural difference also plays a part,thinks Mark Cocker,an expert on birds.The"obsession with tidiness"is stronger in the south,he says.Fewer people cultivate gardens;they prefer to cover them in decking and remove weeds from between concrete slabs.Village greens are mowed short.In contrast,Scotland and northern England have more trees,grassland and wind-swept moors.Less popular with humans,rugged parts of the countryside are filling up with a winged population instead. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that"hot spots"means_____

　　A the place the birds want to flee

　　B the homes the birds want to stay

　　C the place for hunting birds

　　D the place built for birds

　　答案：B  

　　答案解析：词汇理解题。根据定位词定位到文章第五段。解决此类题目的关键在于通读对应段落后分析上下句，考查的词汇在最后一句，开头的代词They是解题的关键，上文是说Northem mining villages once full ofworkers are now sparsely populated(北部的采矿地区曾经工人涌动，如今却人迹罕至).整个段落都是在阐述鸟类繁衍地，因此.hot spots应当与鸟类的栖息地有关，B项the homes the birds want to stay刚好对应文中所表达的意思，故B项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项中的flee是逃离，与段落意思相反，故排除;c项为最大干扰项，结尾句是说与鸟类和观鸟者相关的地方，并没有提到捕鸟，故排除;D项中的“为鸟类建造的地方”文中并没有说这个地方是专门为鸟建的，因此应当排除。

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