2022年考研英语(二)章节习题6

　　1、Text 1 Utopianism in politics gets a bad press.The case against the grand-scale,state-directed kind is well known and overwhelming.Utopia,the perfect society,is unattainable,for there is no such thing.Remaking sociery in pursuit ofan illusion not only fails,it leads swiftly to mass murder and moral ruin.So recent history grimly attests.Although true,that is just half the story.Not all modern Utopians aim to seize the state in order to cudgel the rest of the world back to paradise.Plenty of gentler ones want no more than to withdraw from the mainstream and create their own micro-paradise with a few like-minded idealists.Small experiments in collective living swept America,for example,early in the 19th century and again late in the 20th.Most failed or fell short.None lasted.A11 were laughed at.Yet in this intelligent,sympathetic history,Chris Jennings makes a good case for remembering them well.Politics stultifies,he thinks,when people stop dreaming up alternative ways oflife and putting them to small-scale test.Though with occasional glances forward,Mr.Jennings focuses largely on the 19th century.At least 100 experimental communes sprang up across the young American republic in the mid-1800s.Mr.Jennings writes about five exemplary communities:the devout Shakers,Robert Owen's New Harmony,the Fourierist collective at Brook Farm,Massachusetts,the Icarians at Nauvoo,Illinois,inspired by a French proto-communist,Etienne Cabet,and the Oneida Community in New York state practising"Bible communism"and"complex marriage".The Shakers'founder was a Manchester Quaker,Ann Lee,a devout mother worn out by bearing dead or dying ctuldren.In 1774 she lefi for the New World,determined to forswear sex and create a following to share her belief.An optimistic faith in human betterment,hard work and a reputation for honest Lrading helped the Shakers thrive.At their peak in the early 19th century,they had perhaps 5,000 members scattered in some 20 villages across eight states.They counselled celibacy,to spare women the dangers of child-bearing,made spare,slim furniture,now treasured in museums,and practised a wild,shaking dance that was taken as a sign ofbenign possession by the Holy Spirit."Paradise Now"is more than a record of failed hopes.Some ideas spread to the mainstream.Fourier's feminism is a good example.Fourierist communes foundered across the New World and Old;his ideas about gender equality lived on.No society could improve,Fourier believed,until women's lot improved."The best countries",he wrote,"have always been those which allowed women the most freedom."That is a common thought today.It was radical when Fourier wrote it in I 808.Women more generally are at the centre of the Utopian story.Some communes he writes about were democratic,some authoritarian.None was patriarchal.Mr.Jennings's book is rich in fond hopes and improbable ventures.Rather than nudging readers to mock,which is easy,the author reminds them instead to remember that the maddest-sounding ideas sometimes become motherhood. According to the text,most gentle ones want to create______

　　A their own commune

　　B violent world

　　C their own regime

　　D small-minded paradise

　　答案：A  

　　答案解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章的第二段，定位句为Plenty of gentler ones want no more than toWithdraw from the mainstream and create their own micro-paradise with a few like-minded idealists.(也有很多并不极端的空想主义者只想要归隐田园，与一些志同道合的理想主义者创建自己的小伊甸园。)归隐田园，创建自己的小伊甸园即创建一个属于少数群体的理想社会形式，而与这个信息相对应的为A项“他们自己的公社”，故A项为正确选项。【干扰排除】B项在段落中虽有体现，但与文章内容相反，故排除;C项“他们自己的政权”，文中第二段第二句提到Not all modem Utopians aim to seize the state(并不是所有的现代空想主义者都想抢夺政权).而这正是很多并不极端的空想主义者所持的态度，故排除;D项貌似符合文意，但是small-minded的意思是心胸狭窄的，而不是文中说的micro-paradise(小伊甸园)，故排除。

　　2、Text 1 Utopianism in politics gets a bad press.The case against the grand-scale,state-directed kind is well known and overwhelming.Utopia,the perfect society,is unattainable,for there is no such thing.Remaking sociery in pursuit ofan illusion not only fails,it leads swiftly to mass murder and moral ruin.So recent history grimly attests.Although true,that is just half the story.Not all modern Utopians aim to seize the state in order to cudgel the rest of the world back to paradise.Plenty of gentler ones want no more than to withdraw from the mainstream and create their own micro-paradise with a few like-minded idealists.Small experiments in collective living swept America,for example,early in the 19th century and again late in the 20th.Most failed or fell short.None lasted.A11 were laughed at.Yet in this intelligent,sympathetic history,Chris Jennings makes a good case for remembering them well.Politics stultifies,he thinks,when people stop dreaming up alternative ways oflife and putting them to small-scale test.Though with occasional glances forward,Mr.Jennings focuses largely on the 19th century.At least 100 experimental communes sprang up across the young American republic in the mid-1800s.Mr.Jennings writes about five exemplary communities:the devout Shakers,Robert Owen's New Harmony,the Fourierist collective at Brook Farm,Massachusetts,the Icarians at Nauvoo,Illinois,inspired by a French proto-communist,Etienne Cabet,and the Oneida Community in New York state practising"Bible communism"and"complex marriage".The Shakers'founder was a Manchester Quaker,Ann Lee,a devout mother worn out by bearing dead or dying ctuldren.In 1774 she lefi for the New World,determined to forswear sex and create a following to share her belief.An optimistic faith in human betterment,hard work and a reputation for honest Lrading helped the Shakers thrive.At their peak in the early 19th century,they had perhaps 5,000 members scattered in some 20 villages across eight states.They counselled celibacy,to spare women the dangers of child-bearing,made spare,slim furniture,now treasured in museums,and practised a wild,shaking dance that was taken as a sign ofbenign possession by the Holy Spirit."Paradise Now"is more than a record of failed hopes.Some ideas spread to the mainstream.Fourier's feminism is a good example.Fourierist communes foundered across the New World and Old;his ideas about gender equality lived on.No society could improve,Fourier believed,until women's lot improved."The best countries",he wrote,"have always been those which allowed women the most freedom."That is a common thought today.It was radical when Fourier wrote it in I 808.Women more generally are at the centre of the Utopian story.Some communes he writes about were democratic,some authoritarian.None was patriarchal.Mr.Jennings's book is rich in fond hopes and improbable ventures.Rather than nudging readers to mock,which is easy,the author reminds them instead to remember that the maddest-sounding ideas sometimes become motherhood. According to Chris Jennings,the society will be stagnation untess

　　A people stop realizing the national dreams

　　B people chase their own way oflife

　　C people's own way oflife would not be laughed at

　　D people can have a good memory of the intelligent history of ancestors

　　答案：B  

　　答案解析：推理判断题。根据定位词定位到第三段最后一句，即Politics stultifies，he thinks，When people stop dreaming up altemative ways oflife and putting them to small-scale test.(他认为，当人们不再梦想其他生活方式并且不再为此付诸实践时，政治便毫无价值可言。)由此可见追求自己的生活方式便是他的观点，而与该信息相对应的选项为B项“人们追求自己的生活方式”，故B项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项在文中未提及，故排除;C项虽然在文章中有体现，但文中说的是乌托邦这一实践受人嘲笑，而非C项的人们自己的生活方式，故排除;D项“人们会铭记祖先充满智慧的历史”，在段落中虽有体现，但文中并未明确说明铭记历史能否推动社会进步，故排除。

　　3、Text 1 Utopianism in politics gets a bad press.The case against the grand-scale,state-directed kind is well known and overwhelming.Utopia,the perfect society,is unattainable,for there is no such thing.Remaking sociery in pursuit ofan illusion not only fails,it leads swiftly to mass murder and moral ruin.So recent history grimly attests.Although true,that is just half the story.Not all modern Utopians aim to seize the state in order to cudgel the rest of the world back to paradise.Plenty of gentler ones want no more than to withdraw from the mainstream and create their own micro-paradise with a few like-minded idealists.Small experiments in collective living swept America,for example,early in the 19th century and again late in the 20th.Most failed or fell short.None lasted.A11 were laughed at.Yet in this intelligent,sympathetic history,Chris Jennings makes a good case for remembering them well.Politics stultifies,he thinks,when people stop dreaming up alternative ways oflife and putting them to small-scale test.Though with occasional glances forward,Mr.Jennings focuses largely on the 19th century.At least 100 experimental communes sprang up across the young American republic in the mid-1800s.Mr.Jennings writes about five exemplary communities:the devout Shakers,Robert Owen's New Harmony,the Fourierist collective at Brook Farm,Massachusetts,the Icarians at Nauvoo,Illinois,inspired by a French proto-communist,Etienne Cabet,and the Oneida Community in New York state practising"Bible communism"and"complex marriage".The Shakers'founder was a Manchester Quaker,Ann Lee,a devout mother worn out by bearing dead or dying ctuldren.In 1774 she lefi for the New World,determined to forswear sex and create a following to share her belief.An optimistic faith in human betterment,hard work and a reputation for honest Lrading helped the Shakers thrive.At their peak in the early 19th century,they had perhaps 5,000 members scattered in some 20 villages across eight states.They counselled celibacy,to spare women the dangers of child-bearing,made spare,slim furniture,now treasured in museums,and practised a wild,shaking dance that was taken as a sign ofbenign possession by the Holy Spirit."Paradise Now"is more than a record of failed hopes.Some ideas spread to the mainstream.Fourier's feminism is a good example.Fourierist communes foundered across the New World and Old;his ideas about gender equality lived on.No society could improve,Fourier believed,until women's lot improved."The best countries",he wrote,"have always been those which allowed women the most freedom."That is a common thought today.It was radical when Fourier wrote it in I 808.Women more generally are at the centre of the Utopian story.Some communes he writes about were democratic,some authoritarian.None was patriarchal.Mr.Jennings's book is rich in fond hopes and improbable ventures.Rather than nudging readers to mock,which is easy,the author reminds them instead to remember that the maddest-sounding ideas sometimes become motherhood. It can be leamed from Paragraph 4 that Robert Owen______

　　A is devout

　　B is fond ofNew-Harmony

　　C is positively practicing group marriage

　　D is a French proto-communist

　　答案：B  

　　答案解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章的第四段，这个段落最大的特点为人名和流派比较多，考生在分析的时候很容易混淆，错误选项很有可能是张冠李戴，这样题设在历年真题中多处有所体现，关键词所对应的句子为Robert Owen's New Harmony(Robert Owen的新和谐公社)，而刚好B项有所体现，故B项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项对应的是the Shakers(震颤派教徒)，故排除;C项对应的是the Oneida Community in Ncw York statc(纽约州奥奈达公社).敞排除;D项对应的是Etienne Cabet，故排除。

　　4、Text 1 Utopianism in politics gets a bad press.The case against the grand-scale,state-directed kind is well known and overwhelming.Utopia,the perfect society,is unattainable,for there is no such thing.Remaking sociery in pursuit ofan illusion not only fails,it leads swiftly to mass murder and moral ruin.So recent history grimly attests.Although true,that is just half the story.Not all modern Utopians aim to seize the state in order to cudgel the rest of the world back to paradise.Plenty of gentler ones want no more than to withdraw from the mainstream and create their own micro-paradise with a few like-minded idealists.Small experiments in collective living swept America,for example,early in the 19th century and again late in the 20th.Most failed or fell short.None lasted.A11 were laughed at.Yet in this intelligent,sympathetic history,Chris Jennings makes a good case for remembering them well.Politics stultifies,he thinks,when people stop dreaming up alternative ways oflife and putting them to small-scale test.Though with occasional glances forward,Mr.Jennings focuses largely on the 19th century.At least 100 experimental communes sprang up across the young American republic in the mid-1800s.Mr.Jennings writes about five exemplary communities:the devout Shakers,Robert Owen's New Harmony,the Fourierist collective at Brook Farm,Massachusetts,the Icarians at Nauvoo,Illinois,inspired by a French proto-communist,Etienne Cabet,and the Oneida Community in New York state practising"Bible communism"and"complex marriage".The Shakers'founder was a Manchester Quaker,Ann Lee,a devout mother worn out by bearing dead or dying ctuldren.In 1774 she lefi for the New World,determined to forswear sex and create a following to share her belief.An optimistic faith in human betterment,hard work and a reputation for honest Lrading helped the Shakers thrive.At their peak in the early 19th century,they had perhaps 5,000 members scattered in some 20 villages across eight states.They counselled celibacy,to spare women the dangers of child-bearing,made spare,slim furniture,now treasured in museums,and practised a wild,shaking dance that was taken as a sign ofbenign possession by the Holy Spirit."Paradise Now"is more than a record of failed hopes.Some ideas spread to the mainstream.Fourier's feminism is a good example.Fourierist communes foundered across the New World and Old;his ideas about gender equality lived on.No society could improve,Fourier believed,until women's lot improved."The best countries",he wrote,"have always been those which allowed women the most freedom."That is a common thought today.It was radical when Fourier wrote it in I 808.Women more generally are at the centre of the Utopian story.Some communes he writes about were democratic,some authoritarian.None was patriarchal.Mr.Jennings's book is rich in fond hopes and improbable ventures.Rather than nudging readers to mock,which is easy,the author reminds them instead to remember that the maddest-sounding ideas sometimes become motherhood. According to Paragraph l,Utopia cannot get the popularity in politics,because______

　　A it will be against state's policy

　　B it ofien pursues unreal things

　　C it would gradually lead to murder and moral ruin

　　D its viewpoint has been proved by the recent history

　　答案：B  

　　答案解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章的第一段，其中该段第三句出现了关键词的信息，即Utopia，the perfect society,is unattainable，for there is no such thing.(乌托邦是人类永远无法企及的完美社会，因为世界上根本就没有这样的社会。)与此相对应的选项为B项“它总是追求不切实际的事情”，其中的unreal things相当于文章中的there is no such thing，下一句的Remaking society in pursuit of an illusion(重建一个追求虚无缥缈的社会)也可以体现这个观点，故B项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项“它违反国家政策”这个慨念在文章中没有体现，故排除;c项“会逐渐导致谋杀和道德沦丧”偷换概念，文中为it leads swifily to mass murder and moral ruin，故排除;D项“近代史已证明了它的观点”，这个概念在最后一句有体现，但是被历史证明的不是乌托邦的观点，而是文中所提到的Remaking society in pursuit of an illusion(重建一个追求虚无缥缈的社会)，故排除。

　　5、Text 1 Utopianism in politics gets a bad press.The case against the grand-scale,state-directed kind is well known and overwhelming.Utopia,the perfect society,is unattainable,for there is no such thing.Remaking sociery in pursuit ofan illusion not only fails,it leads swiftly to mass murder and moral ruin.So recent history grimly attests.Although true,that is just half the story.Not all modern Utopians aim to seize the state in order to cudgel the rest of the world back to paradise.Plenty of gentler ones want no more than to withdraw from the mainstream and create their own micro-paradise with a few like-minded idealists.Small experiments in collective living swept America,for example,early in the 19th century and again late in the 20th.Most failed or fell short.None lasted.A11 were laughed at.Yet in this intelligent,sympathetic history,Chris Jennings makes a good case for remembering them well.Politics stultifies,he thinks,when people stop dreaming up alternative ways oflife and putting them to small-scale test.Though with occasional glances forward,Mr.Jennings focuses largely on the 19th century.At least 100 experimental communes sprang up across the young American republic in the mid-1800s.Mr.Jennings writes about five exemplary communities:the devout Shakers,Robert Owen's New Harmony,the Fourierist collective at Brook Farm,Massachusetts,the Icarians at Nauvoo,Illinois,inspired by a French proto-communist,Etienne Cabet,and the Oneida Community in New York state practising"Bible communism"and"complex marriage".The Shakers'founder was a Manchester Quaker,Ann Lee,a devout mother worn out by bearing dead or dying ctuldren.In 1774 she lefi for the New World,determined to forswear sex and create a following to share her belief.An optimistic faith in human betterment,hard work and a reputation for honest Lrading helped the Shakers thrive.At their peak in the early 19th century,they had perhaps 5,000 members scattered in some 20 villages across eight states.They counselled celibacy,to spare women the dangers of child-bearing,made spare,slim furniture,now treasured in museums,and practised a wild,shaking dance that was taken as a sign ofbenign possession by the Holy Spirit."Paradise Now"is more than a record of failed hopes.Some ideas spread to the mainstream.Fourier's feminism is a good example.Fourierist communes foundered across the New World and Old;his ideas about gender equality lived on.No society could improve,Fourier believed,until women's lot improved."The best countries",he wrote,"have always been those which allowed women the most freedom."That is a common thought today.It was radical when Fourier wrote it in I 808.Women more generally are at the centre of the Utopian story.Some communes he writes about were democratic,some authoritarian.None was patriarchal.Mr.Jennings's book is rich in fond hopes and improbable ventures.Rather than nudging readers to mock,which is easy,the author reminds them instead to remember that the maddest-sounding ideas sometimes become motherhood. According to"Paradise Now",~would spread to the mainstream____

　　A freedom

　　B gender equality

　　C feminism

　　D man has a final say

　　答案：C  

　　答案解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章的最后两段，这两个段落反复强调女性更多地被置于乌托邦故事的中心，而与这个信息相对应的选项刚好是C项“女权主义”，故C项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A、B、D项分别译为：自由、性别平等、男性拥有最终话语权。这些都与《天堂此时》所阐述的内容不相符，故均排除。

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