2022年考研英语(二)章节习题4

　　1、Text 1 Roberta Gordon never thought she'd still be alive at age 76.She definitely didn't think she'd still be working.But cvery Saturday,she goes down to the local grocery store and hands out samples,earning$50 a day,because she needs the money.More and more older people are finding themselves in a similar situation as Baby Boomers reach retirement age without enough savings and as housing costs and medical expenses rise.Many people reaching retirement age don't have the Densions that lots of workers in previous generations did,and often have not put enough money into their 401(k)s to live off of.Other workers did not have access to a retirement plan through their employer.That means that as people reach their mid-60s,they either have to dramatically curtail their spending or keep working to survive."This will be the first time that we have a lot of people who find themselves downwardly mobile as they grow older:'Diane Oakley,the executive director of the National Institute on Retirement Security,told me."They're going to go from being near poor to poor."The problem is growing as more Baby Boomers reach retirement age-between 8,000 t0 10,000 Americans turn 65 every day,according to Kevin Prindiville,the executive director ofjustice in Aging,a nonprofit that addresses senior poverty.Older Americans were the only demographic for whom poverty rates increased in a statistically significant way between 2015 and 2016,according to Census Bureau data.While poverty fell among people 18 and under and people 18 t0 64 between 2015 and 2016,it rose to 14.5 percent for people over 65,according to the Census Bureau's Supplemental Poverty Measure,which is considered a more accurate measure of poverty because it takes into account health-care costs and other big expenses."In the early decades of our work,we were serving communities that had been poor when they were younger:'Prindiville told me."Increasingly,we're seeing folks who are becoming poor for the first time in old age."This presents a worrying preview of what could befall millions of workers who will retire in the coming decades.If today's seniors are struggling with retirement savings,what will become of the people of working age today,many of whom hold unsteady jobs and have patchwork incomes that leave little room for retirement savings?The current wave of senior poverty could just be the beginning.And this could have larger implications for the economy.If today's middle-class households curtail their spending when they retire,the whole economy could suffer. The poverty rate cited in Paragraph 4 is______

　　A precise

　　B questionable

　　C undoubted

　　D accountable

　　答案：A  

　　解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到第四段。该段指出，根据人口普查局的补充贫困标准(被认为是衡量贫困的一个更准确的指标，因为它涵盖了医疗费用和其他重大开支)，在2015至2016年间.18岁及以下人口和I8岁至64岁人口的贫困率下降，而65岁以上人口的贫困率上升到14.5%。可知以上数据是精确的，故A项为正确选项。【干扰排除】根据以上分析.B项“可质疑的”、C项“毋庸置疑的”和D项“可解释的”均不符合文义，故均排除。

　　2、Text 1 Roberta Gordon never thought she'd still be alive at age 76.She definitely didn't think she'd still be working.But cvery Saturday,she goes down to the local grocery store and hands out samples,earning$50 a day,because she needs the money.More and more older people are finding themselves in a similar situation as Baby Boomers reach retirement age without enough savings and as housing costs and medical expenses rise.Many people reaching retirement age don't have the Densions that lots of workers in previous generations did,and often have not put enough money into their 401(k)s to live off of.Other workers did not have access to a retirement plan through their employer.That means that as people reach their mid-60s,they either have to dramatically curtail their spending or keep working to survive."This will be the first time that we have a lot of people who find themselves downwardly mobile as they grow older:'Diane Oakley,the executive director of the National Institute on Retirement Security,told me."They're going to go from being near poor to poor."The problem is growing as more Baby Boomers reach retirement age-between 8,000 t0 10,000 Americans turn 65 every day,according to Kevin Prindiville,the executive director ofjustice in Aging,a nonprofit that addresses senior poverty.Older Americans were the only demographic for whom poverty rates increased in a statistically significant way between 2015 and 2016,according to Census Bureau data.While poverty fell among people 18 and under and people 18 t0 64 between 2015 and 2016,it rose to 14.5 percent for people over 65,according to the Census Bureau's Supplemental Poverty Measure,which is considered a more accurate measure of poverty because it takes into account health-care costs and other big expenses."In the early decades of our work,we were serving communities that had been poor when they were younger:'Prindiville told me."Increasingly,we're seeing folks who are becoming poor for the first time in old age."This presents a worrying preview of what could befall millions of workers who will retire in the coming decades.If today's seniors are struggling with retirement savings,what will become of the people of working age today,many of whom hold unsteady jobs and have patchwork incomes that leave little room for retirement savings?The current wave of senior poverty could just be the beginning.And this could have larger implications for the economy.If today's middle-class households curtail their spending when they retire,the whole economy could suffer. In the last paragraph,the author shows his about senior poverty problem.

　　A incapability

　　B worry

　　C anxiery

　　D agony

　　答案：B  

　　解析：态度方向题。根据定位词定位到文章最后一段。该段最后三句指出，当前的老年贫困浪潮可能只是一个开始。这可能会对经济产生更大的影响。如果现在的中产阶级家庭在退休后缩减开支，那么整个经济都会受到影响，故B项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项“无能为力”、C项“焦虑”和D项“苦恼”均与作者态度不符，故均排除。

　　3、Text 1 Roberta Gordon never thought she'd still be alive at age 76.She definitely didn't think she'd still be working.But cvery Saturday,she goes down to the local grocery store and hands out samples,earning$50 a day,because she needs the money.More and more older people are finding themselves in a similar situation as Baby Boomers reach retirement age without enough savings and as housing costs and medical expenses rise.Many people reaching retirement age don't have the Densions that lots of workers in previous generations did,and often have not put enough money into their 401(k)s to live off of.Other workers did not have access to a retirement plan through their employer.That means that as people reach their mid-60s,they either have to dramatically curtail their spending or keep working to survive."This will be the first time that we have a lot of people who find themselves downwardly mobile as they grow older:'Diane Oakley,the executive director of the National Institute on Retirement Security,told me."They're going to go from being near poor to poor."The problem is growing as more Baby Boomers reach retirement age-between 8,000 t0 10,000 Americans turn 65 every day,according to Kevin Prindiville,the executive director ofjustice in Aging,a nonprofit that addresses senior poverty.Older Americans were the only demographic for whom poverty rates increased in a statistically significant way between 2015 and 2016,according to Census Bureau data.While poverty fell among people 18 and under and people 18 t0 64 between 2015 and 2016,it rose to 14.5 percent for people over 65,according to the Census Bureau's Supplemental Poverty Measure,which is considered a more accurate measure of poverty because it takes into account health-care costs and other big expenses."In the early decades of our work,we were serving communities that had been poor when they were younger:'Prindiville told me."Increasingly,we're seeing folks who are becoming poor for the first time in old age."This presents a worrying preview of what could befall millions of workers who will retire in the coming decades.If today's seniors are struggling with retirement savings,what will become of the people of working age today,many of whom hold unsteady jobs and have patchwork incomes that leave little room for retirement savings?The current wave of senior poverty could just be the beginning.And this could have larger implications for the economy.If today's middle-class households curtail their spending when they retire,the whole economy could suffer. Which of the following is true about Roberta Gordon?

　　A She has been through a lot to live till now.

　　B She often shops in grocery store,

　　C She definitely dislikes working.

　　D She is not alone in such a dilemma.

　　答案：D  

　　解析：推理判断题。根据定位词定位到文章第二段首句。该句提到，越来越多的老年人发现自己处于类似的境地，所以陷入这种困境的并非Roberta Gordon一人，故D项为正确选项。【干扰排除】文章首句提到Roberta Gordon从未想过她会活过76岁，并不能推出A项;原文说的是她去当地的杂货店分发货样，而不是去购物，故B项排除;首段第二句表示，她没想到自己在这个年纪仍然在工作，也不能推出C项。

　　4、Text 1 Roberta Gordon never thought she'd still be alive at age 76.She definitely didn't think she'd still be working.But cvery Saturday,she goes down to the local grocery store and hands out samples,earning$50 a day,because she needs the money.More and more older people are finding themselves in a similar situation as Baby Boomers reach retirement age without enough savings and as housing costs and medical expenses rise.Many people reaching retirement age don't have the Densions that lots of workers in previous generations did,and often have not put enough money into their 401(k)s to live off of.Other workers did not have access to a retirement plan through their employer.That means that as people reach their mid-60s,they either have to dramatically curtail their spending or keep working to survive."This will be the first time that we have a lot of people who find themselves downwardly mobile as they grow older:'Diane Oakley,the executive director of the National Institute on Retirement Security,told me."They're going to go from being near poor to poor."The problem is growing as more Baby Boomers reach retirement age-between 8,000 t0 10,000 Americans turn 65 every day,according to Kevin Prindiville,the executive director ofjustice in Aging,a nonprofit that addresses senior poverty.Older Americans were the only demographic for whom poverty rates increased in a statistically significant way between 2015 and 2016,according to Census Bureau data.While poverty fell among people 18 and under and people 18 t0 64 between 2015 and 2016,it rose to 14.5 percent for people over 65,according to the Census Bureau's Supplemental Poverty Measure,which is considered a more accurate measure of poverty because it takes into account health-care costs and other big expenses."In the early decades of our work,we were serving communities that had been poor when they were younger:'Prindiville told me."Increasingly,we're seeing folks who are becoming poor for the first time in old age."This presents a worrying preview of what could befall millions of workers who will retire in the coming decades.If today's seniors are struggling with retirement savings,what will become of the people of working age today,many of whom hold unsteady jobs and have patchwork incomes that leave little room for retirement savings?The current wave of senior poverty could just be the beginning.And this could have larger implications for the economy.If today's middle-class households curtail their spending when they retire,the whole economy could suffer. People in their mid-60s have to cut down their spending because_____

　　A their social status is getting lower

　　B their retirement plan failed

　　C they are in their downward course oflife

　　D they face a shortage of savings and pensions

　　答案：D  

　　解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章第三段首句。该句提到，这意味着，当人们达到65岁左右时.他们要么不得不大幅度削减开支，要么继续工作才能生存。That指代上文的内容，所以原因在第二段中。第二段说他们没有足够的积蓄和养老金，故D项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项“他们的社会地位越来越低”，原文未提及;第二段最后一句提到其他工人无法通过雇主获得退休计划，而非B项“他们的退休计划没有通过”;C项“他们正处在人生的下坡路”，文中是说他们只是为了在老年时能够生存，而削减开支，而是不因为“他们的人生正在走下坡路”，利用doWnward作干扰，故排除。

　　5、Text 1 Roberta Gordon never thought she'd still be alive at age 76.She definitely didn't think she'd still be working.But cvery Saturday,she goes down to the local grocery store and hands out samples,earning$50 a day,because she needs the money.More and more older people are finding themselves in a similar situation as Baby Boomers reach retirement age without enough savings and as housing costs and medical expenses rise.Many people reaching retirement age don't have the Densions that lots of workers in previous generations did,and often have not put enough money into their 401(k)s to live off of.Other workers did not have access to a retirement plan through their employer.That means that as people reach their mid-60s,they either have to dramatically curtail their spending or keep working to survive."This will be the first time that we have a lot of people who find themselves downwardly mobile as they grow older:'Diane Oakley,the executive director of the National Institute on Retirement Security,told me."They're going to go from being near poor to poor."The problem is growing as more Baby Boomers reach retirement age-between 8,000 t0 10,000 Americans turn 65 every day,according to Kevin Prindiville,the executive director ofjustice in Aging,a nonprofit that addresses senior poverty.Older Americans were the only demographic for whom poverty rates increased in a statistically significant way between 2015 and 2016,according to Census Bureau data.While poverty fell among people 18 and under and people 18 t0 64 between 2015 and 2016,it rose to 14.5 percent for people over 65,according to the Census Bureau's Supplemental Poverty Measure,which is considered a more accurate measure of poverty because it takes into account health-care costs and other big expenses."In the early decades of our work,we were serving communities that had been poor when they were younger:'Prindiville told me."Increasingly,we're seeing folks who are becoming poor for the first time in old age."This presents a worrying preview of what could befall millions of workers who will retire in the coming decades.If today's seniors are struggling with retirement savings,what will become of the people of working age today,many of whom hold unsteady jobs and have patchwork incomes that leave little room for retirement savings?The current wave of senior poverty could just be the beginning.And this could have larger implications for the economy.If today's middle-class households curtail their spending when they retire,the whole economy could suffer. The word"curtail"(Para.3)most probably means._____

　　A retain

　　B reduce

　　C count

　　D escape

　　答案：B  

　　解析：词汇理解题。根据定位词定位到文章第三段首句。单词所在句句意为，这意味着，当人们达到60岁左右时，他们要么不得不大幅度开支，要么继续工作才能生存。可知，人们必须减少开支，故B项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A、C、D项代人原文均不符合文义，故均排除。

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