2022年考研《英语一》阅读精炼（五）

　　1[.单选题]Text1FromWestVirginiatoArizona,public-schoolteachersareinrevolt.Theyaredemandingbetterpay,andtheydeserveit-solongastheirsalariesaretiedtotheirperformance.It'snotthatU.S.teachersareunderpaid;themedianincomeforthecountry'slmillionhigh-schoolteachers,forexample,ismorethan50percenthigherthanthatofthegeneralpopulation.Butrelativetopeerswithsimilarlevelsofeducation,teachersarefallingbehind.In1994,public-schoolteachersmadeonly2percentlessthancollegegraduatesinotherfields;by2015,thegapwas17percent.CutsinstateeducationbudgetshavemadetheproblemWOfse.Inmorethanhalfofthecountry,aftcradjustingforinflation,averageteachersalarieshavedeclinedsincethestartofthecentury.InWestVirginia,wherepayhasdroppedby8.9percentsince2000,teacherswentonstrikeinlateFebruary,forcingIawmakerstopassa5percentpayincreaseforthenextschoolyear,Teachers'unionsinArizona,OklahomaandKentuckyplansimilarwalkoutsiftheirdemandsaren'tmet.Toavoidsuchanoutcome-whichhurtsstudentsthemost-bothsidesneedtocompromise.Teachersshouldn'thavetoworksecondandthirdjobstomakeendsmeet,asmanysaytheydo,eveninstateswithlowarefiercelydefendedbyteachers'uuions.Buttheyreducethefundsavailableforotherpriorities-likeencouragingteacherstorelocatetoruralandlow-incomedistrictsandaddressingshortagesofteachersinSTEMsubjects.Across-the-boardpayincreasesforteachersmaygosomewaytowardimprovingstudentperformance,butnotfarenough.Despiteoppositionfromunions,schooldistrictsinatleast30stateshaveintroducedperformance-basedbonusesforteachers.Inschoolswhereteacherpayistiedtostudentperformance,testscoreshavensenbytheequivalentofthreeadditionalweeksoflearning.Districtswithmeritpayarebetterabletohirestrongentry-levelcandidatesandpreventhigh-performingteachersfromleaving.Intemationalcomparisonsbearoutabasic,ifself-evident,truth:howwellstudentsperformdependsonhowwellthey'retaught.TheU.S.shouldpayitsteachersmore-andgivethebestonesincentivestoshowhowmuchthey'reworth.21.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutU.S.teachers'salaries?

　　A.High-school teachers are considered to be overpaid.

　　B.Private-school teachers generally get higher income.

　　C.Public-school teachers'salaries depend on their perfornance.

　　D.High-school teachers'peers with a college education are much better paid.

　　[答案]D

　　[解析]事实细节题。根据题干关键词，对应文章第二段。原文指出，例如，美国100万名高中教师的收入平均值比普通民众高50%以上。但相较于受教育程度相近的同龄人，教师的工资正在落后。文中还提到在其他领域工作的大学毕业生的收入比公立学校的教师高。与此信息相对应的选项为D项，故D项为正确选项。【干扰排除】文章是说100万名高中教师的收入平均值比普通民众高500jo以上，A项推理过度;B项，文中未提及，属于无中生有;C项利用performance-词进行干扰，C项所述是公立学校教师所希望的，并非事实。

　　微信扫描下面的二维码进入小程序，做题方便简洁

　　2[.单选题]Text1FromWestVirginiatoArizona,public-schoolteachersareinrevolt.Theyaredemandingbetterpay,andtheydeserveit-solongastheirsalariesaretiedtotheirperformance.It'snotthatU.S.teachersareunderpaid;themedianincomeforthecountry'slmillionhigh-schoolteachers,forexample,ismorethan50percenthigherthanthatofthegeneralpopulation.Butrelativetopeerswithsimilarlevelsofeducation,teachersarefallingbehind.In1994,public-schoolteachersmadeonly2percentlessthancollegegraduatesinotherfields;by2015,thegapwas17percent.CutsinstateeducationbudgetshavemadetheproblemWOfse.Inmorethanhalfofthecountry,aftcradjustingforinflation,averageteachersalarieshavedeclinedsincethestartofthecentury.InWestVirginia,wherepayhasdroppedby8.9percentsince2000,teacherswentonstrikeinlateFebruary,forcingIawmakerstopassa5percentpayincreaseforthenextschoolyear,Teachers'unionsinArizona,OklahomaandKentuckyplansimilarwalkoutsiftheirdemandsaren'tmet.Toavoidsuchanoutcome-whichhurtsstudentsthemost-bothsidesneedtocompromise.Teachersshouldn'thavetoworksecondandthirdjobstomakeendsmeet,asmanysaytheydo,eveninstateswithlowarefiercelydefendedbyteachers'uuions.Buttheyreducethefundsavailableforotherpriorities-likeencouragingteacherstorelocatetoruralandlow-incomedistrictsandaddressingshortagesofteachersinSTEMsubjects.Across-the-boardpayincreasesforteachersmaygosomewaytowardimprovingstudentperformance,butnotfarenough.Despiteoppositionfromunions,schooldistrictsinatleast30stateshaveintroducedperformance-basedbonusesforteachers.Inschoolswhereteacherpayistiedtostudentperformance,testscoreshavensenbytheequivalentofthreeadditionalweeksoflearning.Districtswithmeritpayarebetterabletohirestrongentry-levelcandidatesandpreventhigh-performingteachersfromleaving.Intemationalcomparisonsbearoutabasic,ifself-evident,truth:howwellstudentsperformdependsonhowwellthey'retaught.TheU.S.shouldpayitsteachersmore-andgivethebestonesincentivestoshowhowmuchthey'reworth.22.Theword"walkouts"(Para.3)mostprobablymeans

　　A.tactics.

　　B.strikes.

　　C.decisions.

　　D.attacks.

　　[答案]B

　　[解析]词汇理解题。解决此类题目的关键：通读对应段落后，仔细分析上下句，找到相对应的表达。单词所在句的上一句讲到西弗吉尼亚州的教师举行了罢工，由画线单词前面的修饰词similar可知，亚利桑那州、俄克拉荷马州和肯塔基州的教师工会计划进行类似的罢工，故B项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项、C项和D项在原文中均没有体现，因此应当排除。

　　3[.单选题]Text2Googleor,technically,Alphabet,theholdingcompanythatthefirmestablishedin2015,hasitsfingersinmanyfields.Butthecompany'smainbusiness,whichpaysforallofitsspendingelsewhere,isdigitaladvertising,whichin2017accountedformorethan86%ofitslllbnrevenue.Itmayseemodd,then,thatGoogle′slatestmoveistoaidad−blocking.OnFebruary15th,Chrome,itswebbrowser,whichhasa592.9bn)in2017forgivingitsprice-comparisonshoppingservicepreferentialtreatmentinsearchresultsoverrivalofferings.Itwasunclearthatusersofsuchserviceslostoutmuch.ConsumersalsohavelotstogainifChromecanhelpstemtheadonslaught.26.Technicallyspeaking,theauthorwouldagreethat

　　A.Google is a holding company that set up by Alphabet in 2015.

　　B.Google's holding company benefits from lots ofbusinesses.

　　C.Google's business is mainly in the field of digital advertising.

　　D.Google has given up blocking certain online ads recently.

　　[答案]C

　　[解析]事实细节题。根据题干定位到文章第一段。第一段首句提到，谷歌，严格来说，是阿尔法特，这家公司是谷歌于2015年重组后新成立的控股公司，经营范围涉及很多领域，但该公司的主要业务是数字广告业务.C项符合文义，故C项为正确答案。【干扰排除】根据以上分析，阿尔法特是谷歌在2015年重组后新成立的控股公司.A项与文义不符;B项原文未提及;原文提到谷歌的最 新举措是帮助用户过滤广告，D项与原文不符。故均排除。

　　4[.单选题]Text1FromWestVirginiatoArizona,public-schoolteachersareinrevolt.Theyaredemandingbetterpay,andtheydeserveit-solongastheirsalariesaretiedtotheirperformance.It'snotthatU.S.teachersareunderpaid;themedianincomeforthecountry'slmillionhigh-schoolteachers,forexample,ismorethan50percenthigherthanthatofthegeneralpopulation.Butrelativetopeerswithsimilarlevelsofeducation,teachersarefallingbehind.In1994,public-schoolteachersmadeonly2percentlessthancollegegraduatesinotherfields;by2015,thegapwas17percent.CutsinstateeducationbudgetshavemadetheproblemWOfse.Inmorethanhalfofthecountry,aftcradjustingforinflation,averageteachersalarieshavedeclinedsincethestartofthecentury.InWestVirginia,wherepayhasdroppedby8.9percentsince2000,teacherswentonstrikeinlateFebruary,forcingIawmakerstopassa5percentpayincreaseforthenextschoolyear,Teachers'unionsinArizona,OklahomaandKentuckyplansimilarwalkoutsiftheirdemandsaren'tmet.Toavoidsuchanoutcome-whichhurtsstudentsthemost-bothsidesneedtocompromise.Teachersshouldn'thavetoworksecondandthirdjobstomakeendsmeet,asmanysaytheydo,eveninstateswithlowarefiercelydefendedbyteachers'uuions.Buttheyreducethefundsavailableforotherpriorities-likeencouragingteacherstorelocatetoruralandlow-incomedistrictsandaddressingshortagesofteachersinSTEMsubjects.Across-the-boardpayincreasesforteachersmaygosomewaytowardimprovingstudentperformance,butnotfarenough.Despiteoppositionfromunions,schooldistrictsinatleast30stateshaveintroducedperformance-basedbonusesforteachers.Inschoolswhereteacherpayistiedtostudentperformance,testscoreshavensenbytheequivalentofthreeadditionalweeksoflearning.Districtswithmeritpayarebetterabletohirestrongentry-levelcandidatesandpreventhigh-performingteachersfromleaving.Intemationalcomparisonsbearoutabasic,ifself-evident,truth:howwellstudentsperformdependsonhowwellthey'retaught.TheU.S.shouldpayitsteachersmore-andgivethebestonesincentivestoshowhowmuchthey'reworth.24.Performance-basedpayhasthefollowingadvantagesexcept

　　A.better performance of students.

　　B.higher quality of teachers.

　　C.keeping excellent teachers staying.

　　D.improving teacher's research standard.

　　[答案]D

　　[解析]事实细节题。根据题干关键词，对应文章第六段。Performance-basedpay是meritpay的同义表达，第六段后两句大意为，在教师薪酬与学生表现挂钩的学校，学生考试成绩提高了。有绩效工资的地区能够更好地雇用有能力的初级教师，并防止表现优异的教师离开。A项、B项和C项与这两句所表达的意思一致;D项属于无关干扰，故D项为正确答案。【干扰排除】根据以上分析可知，A项、B项和C项所述内容与原文相符，都是绩效工资的优点，故排除。

　　5[.单选题]Text1FromWestVirginiatoArizona,public-schoolteachersareinrevolt.Theyaredemandingbetterpay,andtheydeserveit-solongastheirsalariesaretiedtotheirperformance.It'snotthatU.S.teachersareunderpaid;themedianincomeforthecountry'slmillionhigh-schoolteachers,forexample,ismorethan50percenthigherthanthatofthegeneralpopulation.Butrelativetopeerswithsimilarlevelsofeducation,teachersarefallingbehind.In1994,public-schoolteachersmadeonly2percentlessthancollegegraduatesinotherfields;by2015,thegapwas17percent.CutsinstateeducationbudgetshavemadetheproblemWOfse.Inmorethanhalfofthecountry,aftcradjustingforinflation,averageteachersalarieshavedeclinedsincethestartofthecentury.InWestVirginia,wherepayhasdroppedby8.9percentsince2000,teacherswentonstrikeinlateFebruary,forcingIawmakerstopassa5percentpayincreaseforthenextschoolyear,Teachers'unionsinArizona,OklahomaandKentuckyplansimilarwalkoutsiftheirdemandsaren'tmet.Toavoidsuchanoutcome-whichhurtsstudentsthemost-bothsidesneedtocompromise.Teachersshouldn'thavetoworksecondandthirdjobstomakeendsmeet,asmanysaytheydo,eveninstateswithlowarefiercelydefendedbyteachers'uuions.Buttheyreducethefundsavailableforotherpriorities-likeencouragingteacherstorelocatetoruralandlow-incomedistrictsandaddressingshortagesofteachersinSTEMsubjects.Across-the-boardpayincreasesforteachersmaygosomewaytowardimprovingstudentperformance,butnotfarenough.Despiteoppositionfromunions,schooldistrictsinatleast30stateshaveintroducedperformance-basedbonusesforteachers.Inschoolswhereteacherpayistiedtostudentperformance,testscoreshavensenbytheequivalentofthreeadditionalweeksoflearning.Districtswithmeritpayarebetterabletohirestrongentry-levelcandidatesandpreventhigh-performingteachersfromleaving.Intemationalcomparisonsbearoutabasic,ifself-evident,truth:howwellstudentsperformdependsonhowwellthey'retaught.TheU.S.shouldpayitsteachersmore-andgivethebestonesincentivestoshowhowmuchthey'reworth.23.Accordingtothetext,teachers'educationalbackgroundsandlengthofservicearerelatedto

　　A.merit pay.

　　B.across-the-board pay.

　　C.seniority salaries.

　　D.performance-based incentives.

　　[答案]C

　　[解析]事实细节题。根据题干关键词，对应文章第五段。第五段提到“在绝大多数学区，教师的薪水取决于他们的教育背景和多年的课堂经验。因为他们奖励的是资历，所以教师工会极力捍卫这些工资表”。由此可知，教师的教育背景和教龄与工龄工资有关，故C项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项、B项和D项均为文章第六段内容，第六段未提及教育背景及教龄，因而这三个选项均与教师的教育背景和教龄无关，故排除。

　　6[.单选题]Text2Googleor,technically,Alphabet,theholdingcompanythatthefirmestablishedin2015,hasitsfingersinmanyfields.Butthecompany'smainbusiness,whichpaysforallofitsspendingelsewhere,isdigitaladvertising,whichin2017accountedformorethan86%ofitslllbnrevenue.Itmayseemodd,then,thatGoogle′slatestmoveistoaidad−blocking.OnFebruary15th,Chrome,itswebbrowser,whichhasa592.9bn)in2017forgivingitsprice-comparisonshoppingservicepreferentialtreatmentinsearchresultsoverrivalofferings.Itwasunclearthatusersofsuchserviceslostoutmuch.ConsumersalsohavelotstogainifChromecanhelpstemtheadonslaught.29.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutParagraphs3and4?

　　A.Animations and pop-up ads were acceptable in the past.

　　B.The uncloseability of ads goes beyond the limits of browsers.

　　C.Ad-blockers fight back with dodging techniques against blocking detectors.

　　D.Google launches"Funding Choices"to stop the race with web-users.

　　[答案]C

　　[解析]推理判断题。根据题干定位到文章第三段和第四段。原文提到“许多网站现在都试图检测广告拦截器，并迫使用户在访问网站时禁用它们。广告拦截器则用躲避探测器等技术进行报复”，C项符合文义，故C项为正确选项。【干扰排除】文中用common一词来形容animations，并未提到acceptable，故A项错误;原文提到弹出式广告(有些是无法关闭的)如此普遍，一些浏览器修改程序以试图阻止它们.B项内容与原文不符;第四段最后两句提到“因此，谷歌的这一举措看起来像是试图通过自己拯救在线广告。它还推出了一项名为‘资金选择’的服务，旨在让网站运营商要求那些使用广告拦截器的用户支付少量费用来浏览他们的网页”.D项与原文不符。

　　7[.单选题]Text2Googleor,technically,Alphabet,theholdingcompanythatthefirmestablishedin2015,hasitsfingersinmanyfields.Butthecompany'smainbusiness,whichpaysforallofitsspendingelsewhere,isdigitaladvertising,whichin2017accountedformorethan86%ofitslllbnrevenue.Itmayseemodd,then,thatGoogle′slatestmoveistoaidad−blocking.OnFebruary15th,Chrome,itswebbrowser,whichhasa59lllbnrevenue.Itmayseemodd,then,thatGoogle′slatestmoveistoaidad−blocking.OnFebruary15th,Chrome,itswebbrowser,whichhasa592.9bn)in2017forgivingitsprice-comparisonshoppingservicepreferentialtreatmentinsearchresultsoverrivalofferings.Itwasunclearthatusersofsuchserviceslostoutmuch.ConsumersalsohavelotstogainifChromecanhelpstemtheadonslaught.27.Whowillbemostthreatenedbyad-blocking?

　　A.Web publishers.

　　B.A third party.

　　C.Intemet users.

　　D.Sofiware developers.

　　[答案]A

　　[解析]事实细节题。根据题干定位到文章第二段。第三句大意是，网络出版商不会欢迎另一个对广告效果的威胁，因为广告是他们主要的收入来源，故A项为正确选项。【干扰排除】B项、C项和D项与题干无关，故排除。

　　8[.单选题]Text2Googleor,technically,Alphabet,theholdingcompanythatthefirmestablishedin2015,hasitsfingersinmanyfields.Butthecompany'smainbusiness,whichpaysforallofitsspendingelsewhere,isdigitaladvertising,whichin2017accountedformorethan86%ofitslllbnrevenue.Itmayseemodd,then,thatGoogle′slatestmoveistoaidad−blocking.OnFebruary15th,Chrome,itswebbrowser,whichhasa59lllbnrevenue.Itmayseemodd,then,thatGoogle′slatestmoveistoaidad−blocking.OnFebruary15th,Chrome,itswebbrowser,whichhasa592.9bn)in2017forgivingitsprice-comparisonshoppingservicepreferentialtreatmentinsearchresultsoverrivalofferings.Itwasunclearthatusersofsuchserviceslostoutmuch.ConsumersalsohavelotstogainifChromecanhelpstemtheadonslaught.30.Fromthelastparagraphweknow

　　A.Google has got into trouble.

　　B.Google is punished due to its partiality.

　　C.users of Google's new services suffered a great loss.

　　D.Google got greater power by controlling online advertising.

　　[答案]B

　　[解析]推理判断题。根据题干定位到文章最后一段。文中提到，谷歌因偏袒自家的竞价购物服务而被开罚单，故B项为正确答案。【干扰排除】文中提到“它的新产品可能会给自己带来麻烦”，并朱说谷歌已陷入麻烦，故A项错误;文中提到“尚不清楚使用这类服务的用户损失了多少”，C项属于过度推理;文中提到“谷歌将会比在线广告拥有更大的影响力”，D项曲解文义。故均排除。

　　9[.单选题]Text3NASAhashiredairplanemanufacturerLockheedMartintobuilditsnextexperimentalplane,whichisdesignedtoflyfasterthanthespeedofsoundwithoutproducingtheloudsonicboomsthathaveplaguedthetransportationform.Theplaneisduetobedeliveredin2021andwillcostjustshyof$250million.Duringapressconferencehostedbytheagencyduringwhichtheyannouncedthepartnership,LockheedMartinspokespersonDaveRichardsonexplainedthatthenewplanewillbeneitheraprototypeforanewcommercialairplane,norareincamationofprevioussupersonicjets."Thisisapurpose-builtexperimentalresearchcraft,"hesaid."Thisaircraftwasdesignedfromacleansheet."NASAwillusetheplanetogatherdataabouttheimpactofitslow-boomdesign,whichtheagencyhopeswilladdressthesinglebiggestchallengeofsupersonicflight.Flyingfasterthanthespeedofsoundproducesshockwavesthatresultinaloudboomingsound."Theairdoesnotknowthattheairplaneiscoming,"PeterCoen,aNASAprojectmanagerforsupersonictechnology,explainedduringthepressconference,Becausenoonelikedhearingthatnoise,theFederalAviationAdministrationandsimilarinternationalorganizationsbannedsupersonictraveloverland,Now,NASAthinkstechnologycanbreakthesoundbarrierwithoutbeingquitesoloudaboutit.Thesecretisintheshapeoftheplane.Sonicboomsformbecausetheplane'sflightproducesmanyshockwavesofdifferentstrengthsheadedindifferentdirectionsthatabsorbintoeachothertocreatetwostrongpulsesofpressure.Fromthetestingdonesofar,NASAthinksthenewplane'sdesignsuccessfullydissipatesandweakensthoseshockwaves,keepingthemfromformingthestrongpulsesresponsibleforbooms.Theplanewouldstillproducewhatthey'vedubbed"sonicthumps,"butthehopeisthatthosewouldbemucheasiertodealwith.Oncethenewplaneisbuilt,NASAwillrunsurveysonthegroundtoseehowpeoplerespondtothesonicthumps.Then,theagencywillbringthatsurveydatatotheFederalAviationAdministrationanditsintemationalcounterpartsinordertorevisittheruleaboutbreakingthespeedofsoundoverland."It'snotaboutmakinganewairplaneforairplanes'sake,althoughIloveairplanes,"Richardsonsaid."It'saboutthedatathatwillbecollected."Iftherulechangedoescomethrough,thatcouldkickoffaneweraofcommercialsupersonictravel.34.Theword"dissipates"(Para.6)mostprobablymeans

　　A.disperse.

　　B.dilute.

　　C.divide.

　　D.distribute.

　　[答案]B

　　[解析]词汇理解题。根据题干定位到文章第六段。做此类题时，可通读对应段落后，仔细分析上下句，找到相对应的表达。dissipates与weakens由and连接，可知dissipate应与weaken词义相近，B项有“削弱”之意，与文义相符，故B项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项、C项和D项在原文中均没有体现，因此应当排除。

　　10[.单选题]Text2Googleor,technically,Alphabet,theholdingcompanythatthefirmestablishedin2015,hasitsfingersinmanyfields.Butthecompany'smainbusiness,whichpaysforallofitsspendingelsewhere,isdigitaladvertising,whichin2017accountedformorethan86%ofitslllbnrevenue.Itmayseemodd,then,thatGoogle′slatestmoveistoaidad−blocking.OnFebruary15th,Chrome,itswebbrowser,whichhasa59lllbnrevenue.Itmayseemodd,then,thatGoogle′slatestmoveistoaidad−blocking.OnFebruary15th,Chrome,itswebbrowser,whichhasa592.9bn)in2017forgivingitsprice-comparisonshoppingservicepreferentialtreatmentinsearchresultsoverrivalofferings.Itwasunclearthatusersofsuchserviceslostoutmuch.ConsumersalsohavelotstogainifChromecanhelpstemtheadonslaught.28.WhatdoesGoogle'snewblockerreferto?

　　A.The smartphone.

　　B.Coalition for Better Ads.

　　C.The new filter.

　　D.Chrome.

　　[答案]C

　　[解析]推理判断题。根据题干定位到文章第二段。第二段前两句大意是说，第三方广告拦截软件已用于谷歌浏览器，但仅适用于桌面版本。除了默认设置以外，新的阻止程序还将用于智能手机，可知新的阻止程序与第三方广告拦截软件为同一事物，都属于新的广告过滤器，故C项为正确选项。【干扰排除】由以上分析可知A项和D项错误;B项与题干无关，故排除。