2019年考研英语基础试题(1)

　　Section Ⅰ Use of English

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!"_____(1)helping you feel close and _____(2)to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a _____(3)of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you _____(4)getting sick this winter.

　　In a recent study _____(5)over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs_____(6)the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being_____(7)to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come_____(8)with a cold, and the researchers_____(9)that the stress-reducing effects of hugging _____(10)about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. _____(11)among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe_____(12).

　　"Hugging protects people who are under stress from the _____(13)risk for colds that's usually _____(14)with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie, Hugging " is a marker of intimacy and help _____(15)the feeling that others are there to help_____(16)difficulty."

　　Some experts_____(17)the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone"_____(18)it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it _____(19)in the brain, where it _____(20)mood, behavior and physiology.

　　1. A.Besides B.Unlike C.Throughout D.Despite

　　2. A.equal B.restricted C.connected D.inferior

　　3. A.view B.host C.lesson D.choice

　　4. A.avoid B.forget C.recall D.keep

　　5. A.collecting B.affecting C.guiding D.involving

　　6. A.on B.in C.at D.of

　　7. A.devoted B.attracted C.lost D.exposed

　　8. A.along B.across C.down D.out

　　9. A.imagined B.denied C.doubted D.calculated

　　10.A.served B.restored C.explained D.required

　　11.A.Thus B.Still C.Rather D.Even

　　12.A.defeats B.symptoms C.errors D.tests

　　13.A.highlighted B.increased C.controlled D.minimized

　　14.A.presented B.equipped C.associated D.compared

　　15.A.assess B.generate C.moderate D.record

　　16. A.in the name of B.in the form of C.in the face of D.in the way of

　　17.A.attribute B.commit C.transfer D.return

　　18.A.unless B.because C.though D.until

　　19.A.remains B.emerges C.vanishes D.decreases

　　20.A.experiences B.combines C.justifies D.influences

　　1A.BesidesB.UnlikeC.ThroughoutD.Despite

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】根据本句句内逻辑关系，“it turns out that hugs…”说明拥抱还有其他结果。因此，前文的逻辑关系应该为“除此以外”，结合选项，A.Besides(除此之外)最为合适。

　　2A.equalB.restrictedC.connectedD.inferior

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】本题实为逻辑关系题。根据句子前后结构“helping you feel close and _____(2)”，我们可以判断，由于空格处与前面内容通过and连接，说明我们要选择一个单词与feel close同义，并且要与后面介词to 连用。因此，通过对于四个选项含义判断，C选项有“关联的”含义最为符合。

　　3A.viewB.hostC.lessonD.choice

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】此题为固定搭配。“a host of”表示大量的。其他选项搭配不合理。

　　4A.avoidB.forgetC.recallD.keep

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】根据题干信息“a warm embrace might even help you _____(4)getting sick this winter.”中，出现“even”，表示“甚至”，说明此句话与上一句话存在递进的逻辑关系。上一句话的语义表示“拥抱可以带来大量的好处”，因此，这句话也应该表示拥抱的好处。根据四个选项含义，A.avoid(避免)B.forget(忘记)C.recall(回忆)D.keep(保持)，A选项“避免生病”最符合文意。

　　5A.collectingB.affectingC.guidingD.involving

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】本题考查现在分词做后置定语，需要选择一个现在分词修饰前面的“study”，因此，结合四个选项A.collecting(收集)B.affecting(影响)C.guiding(引导)D.involving(涉及、卷入)，根据句子含义，应该表达“关于涉及400人”的研究。因此正确选项应为D

　　6A.onB.inC.atD.of

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】本题为固定搭配。根据句义“examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs_____(6)the participants'…”考查固定搭配“examined the effects…on sth”因此，本题正确选项为A。

　　7A.devotedB.attractedC.lostD.exposed

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】根据句义“common cold after being_____(7)to the virus.”“通常感冒是在。。。细菌之后发生的。”结合选项含义A.devoted(致力于)B.attracted(吸引)C.lost(丢失)D.exposed(暴露于)，D选项“暴露在细菌中…”符合文意。

　　8A.alongB.acrossC.downD.out

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】本题为固定搭配。A.come along with(和。。。相处的好)B.come across with(偿付)C.come down with(得病，感染)D.come out with(出版，提出)，结合语境，根据后面与cold(感冒)搭配，C选项“得感冒”搭配最为合理。

　　9A.imaginedB.deniedC.doubtedD.calculated

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】本题为动词与宾语从句搭配问题。根据原文“the researchers_____(9)that the stress-reducing effects of hugging_____(10)about 32 percent of that beneficial effect.”动作的主语是“研究人员”，连接后面的宾语从句“拥抱减小压力的作用”，并且有数据支撑。从选项含义A.imagined(想像)B.denied(否认)C.doubted(怀疑)D.calculated(计算，推测)来看，宾语从句部分应为研究人员计算推测出的结果。因此，选项D符合要求。

　　10A.servedB.restoredC.explainedD.required

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】本题为动词含义考查。根据文章内容，“the stress-reducing effects of hugging _____(10)about 32 percent of that beneficial effect.”本题同样考查研究人员做出的研究结果，因此，结合选项含义A.served(服务)B.restored(存储)C.explained(解释)D.required(要求)，C选项“解释”符合语境要求。

　　11A.ThusB.StillC.RatherD.Even

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】本题为逻辑关系题。A.Thus(因此，表示因果关系)B.Still(仍然，表示强调关系)C.Rather(相反，表示对比关系)D.Even(甚至，表示递进关系)根据文章上下文逻辑，下文是对上文做进一步说明，因此选择递进关系比较符合逻辑关系。D为正确选项。

　　12A.defeatsB.symptomsC.errorsD.tests

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】形容词与名词搭配问题。根据语境“the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe_____(12)”所选词要与severe构成合理搭配，再结合前文语境是关于对于拥抱实验的结果。因此，B.symptoms(症状)符合语境要求。正确选项为B。

　　13A.highlightedB.increasedC.controlledD.minimized

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】本题为形容词修饰。根据原文"Hugging protects people who are under stress from the _____(13)risk for colds that's usually _____(14)with stress,"，需要选择一个形容词来修饰risk。在选项中，A.highlighted(突出的)B.increased(增加的)C.controlled(被控制的)D.minimized(最小的)，对比选项含义，B“增加的风险”更符合原文语境。

　　14A.presentedB.equippedC.associatedD.compared

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】此题为固定搭配题。A 和B选项不可以和with连接。C.associated可以和with连接，意为“与。。。有关联”。D.compared和with连接表示“和。。相比”不符合文章要求。因此，本题正确选项为C.

　　15A.assessB.generateC.moderateD.record

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】此题考查动宾搭配。根据原文“Hugging is a marker of intimacy and help _____(15)the feeling…”，需要选择一个动词能够和后文的“the feeling”搭配。分析选项含义：A.assess(评估)B.generate(产生)C.moderate(缓和)D.record(记录)，四个选项中，B“generate the feeling”产生感觉搭配最为合理。因此正选为B。

　　16A.in the name ofB.in the form ofC.in the face ofD.in the way of

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】此题为短语搭配题。分析选项含义A.in the name of(以…为名)B.in the form of(以…的形式)C.in the face of(面对…)D.in the way of(以…的方式)，结合文章语境，应为“面对困难”搭配最为合理。因此，正确选项为C。

　　17A.attributeB.commitC.transferD.return

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】此题为固定搭配题。即：attribute sth to sth .因此正确选项为A

　　18A.unlessB.becauseC.thoughD.until

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】此题为逻辑关系题。选项含义A.unless(除非)B.because(因为)C.though(虽然)D.until(直到。。。才)。结合原文语境，“often called "the bonding hormone"_____(18)it promotes attachment in relationships,”(经常被称之为“形成亲密关系的荷尔蒙”….它促进了关系的依赖。)从本句来看，前后文属于因果逻辑关系。因此正确选项为B

　　19A.remainsB.emergesC.vanishesD.decreases

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】本题为动词辨析。选项含义为A.remains(仍然)B.emerges(出现)C.vanishes(消失)D.decreases(减少)结合语境信息“But some of it _____(19)in the brain, ”C和D选项跟文章含义相反。而B 选项只表示一种动作。A选项表示它仍然在大脑里存在，最符合文章要求，因此正确选项为A。

　　where it _____(20)mood, behavior and physiology.

　　20A.experiencesB.combinesC.justifiesD.influences

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】本题为动词辨析。选项含义为A.experiences(经历)B.combines(结合)C.justifies(替某人辩护，证明合理)D.influences(影响)。根据原文语境，“where it _____(20)mood, behavior and physiology.”能够搭配后面并列的三个宾语“情绪、行为、和生理”，只有D“影响”因此正确选项为D。