一、完形填空
“完形填空”题是一种旨在考查考生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型。它结合了单项选择题和短文填空的优点,既考查词语搭配、近义词辨异、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等,又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。
(一)完形填空题的命题特点
完形填空题是通过阅读考查学生语言知识及语言知识综合运用能力的一种测试形式。命题人在一段难度适度的文章中留出10个空白,要求考生从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案,使补足的短文意思通顺、结构完整。
完形填空是介于单项填空和阅读理解之间的一种题型。可以说它是根据一篇文章所提供的情景进行的选择填空,也可以说它是在缺少个别单词情况下的阅读理解。完形填空既有对语法规则、习惯用法和词语搭配的考查,又有对文章内容的通篇理解。完形填空主要考查以下三个方面的内容:
1.词汇
此类题目考查的内容是:近义词的区别,词语的固定搭配和习惯用法。近几年教师公开招聘考试中的完形填空题考查的词汇类别涉及名词、代词、动词、介词、连词、形容词、副词和短语动词。
2.语法
此类题目考查的是:各种语法规则在文章中的运用。其中包括名词的单复数,形容词、副词的比较等级,动词的时态和语态,介词、数词、代词和连词的用法,主谓一致,各种从句的用法等。
3.结构
此类题目考查的是:文章中句子与句子之间,段落与段落之间,上文与下文之间的逻辑关系。
从设空的类型看可分为三个层次:(1)句子层次;(2)句组层次;(3)全篇层次。
设空的难度,从句子层次到句组层次,再到全篇层次,依次增加。
(二)完形填空题的解题技巧
前面我们已经分析过,完形填空是在全面理解短文基础上的选择填空。因此做完型填空题应遵循下列步骤:
1.通读全文,了解大意
做这类题目首先应该把文章通读一遍,了解一下文章的大概内容。千万不要读一句填一句,因为“完形填空”题里所给的大多数选项填入单句后都可成立,但从全文看又不可取。例如:
A hot dog is one of the most popular American foods. It was named after frankfurter, a German food.
You may hear “hot dog” 1 in other ways. People sometimes say “hot dog” to express
2 . For example, a friend may ask 3 you would like to go to the cinema. You might say “Great! I would love to go.” Or, you could say, “ 4 ! I would love to go.”
People 5 use the expression to describe (描写)someone who is a “show-off”, who tries to show everyone else how 6 he is. You often hear such 7 called a “hot dog”. He may be a baseball player, for example, who 8 the ball with one hand, making a (n) 9 catch seem more difficult. You know he is a hot dog because when he makes such a catch, he bows (鞠躬) to the crowd, hoping to win their 10 .
(1)A. eaten B. used C. cooked D. picked
(2)A. strength B. practice C. pleasure D. reply
(3)A. if B. How C. when D. where
(4)A. Hot dog B. Don’t worry C. Never mind D. Excuse me
(5)A. ever B. also C. still D. yet
(6)A. hopeful B. careful C. kind D. great
(7)A. a dog B. a land C. a person D. an action
(8)A. catches B. plays C. passes D. throws
(9)A. hard B. funny C. exciting D. easy
(10)A. thanks B. cheers C. medals D. matches