语法填空
(2014·海口市调测)
John：I've been noticing recently quite a lot of black smoke coming out of the chimneys of that factory near our school. __1__ really pollutes the air here.
Mary：Yes. But I heard recently that the __2__(own) of the factory have promised to take measures to reduce their factory's pollution.
John：I hope they will keep their promise.
Mary：I think they will. I've been told that __3__ special machine is supposed to be fixed by the end of this year. It's said that the machine can clean the dust out of the smoke __4__ it goes into the air.
John：That's good. Dust is really __5__(harm) to our lungs. I know that because my family lives near a steel factory with a chimney constantly __6__(pour) out black smoke.
Mary：Oh, you live near the steel factory? Is it true that we shouldn't eat the fish from the lake near the steel factory?
John：Yes, that's true—the lake __7__(pollute) by waste from the steel factory.
Mary：Why don't they do anything to clean up the pollution?
John：They always promise, __8__ they never act. A bit of action is __9__ we need.
Mary：You're quite __10__.
文章大意：本文是一篇情景对话，讨论了工厂污染环境的问题。
答案：
1.It/That 考查代词。此处指上句话提到的这家工厂严重污染空气，故可以填It/That，指代上文出现的名词。注意首字母要大写。
2.owners 考查名词。根据句子结构和句意可知，此处是“主人”的意思;同时根据题干中谓语动词“have promised”可知，应该用复数，故填owners。
3.a 考查冠词。根据句意可知，此处是表示“一种”的意思。故填a。
4.before 考查连词。根据题干结构可知，此处需要用连词来连接两句话，同时根据空格前后句意可知，所缺词意为“在……之前”。故填before。
5.harmful 考查形容词。根据题干结构可知，所填词应是形容词，故填harmful。be harmful to意为“对……有害”。
6.pouring 考查非谓语动词。根据题干中“with”可知，所填词在句中作宾补，而且与宾语之间是主动关系，强调动作正在发生。故填pouring。
7.has been polluted 考查动词的时态和语态。根据题干大意可知，此处指被动，而且强调对现在的影响。故填has been polluted。
8.but 考查连词。前后两句话之间是明显的转折关系。故填but，指他们总是承诺，但从不行动。
9.what/all 考查表语从句或定语从句。根据题干结构可知，本句话是一个表语从句，从句中缺少“need”的宾语，意为“……的东西”，故填what。同时what引导的名词性从句常可以转换为“all that”结构的定语从句。因为在本句中先行词在从句中作宾语，所以关系代词that可以省去。
10.right/correct 考查形容词。此处是表示同意对方所说的，意为“对的，正确的”，故填right/correct。
