三、语法填空
(2015·日照市校际联考)
A man looking at his smartphone while walking across a railway crossing in Nanjing__1__(have) a close knock on Oct. 22. He was so __2__(absorb) in his smartphone that he didn't see a train approaching until it brushed past him, __3__(throw)him to the ground. This should serve __4__a warning that people should be aware of their surroundings, especially __5__ crossing roads.
__6__(lucky), the man survived a brush with death, but the incident forced the driver __7__(stop)the train. An 18minute delay followed the incident, __8__led to a break in the running of other trains on the route.
Smartphone __9__(addicted)has spread like an infectious disease. It's evident that it will do great harm to society. What's even __10__(bad), some addicts become impatient with relatives and friends.
Some people blame the smartphone for the tragedy，yet in fact people's weakening selfcontrol and selfdiscipline are to blame.
1.______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6.______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
文章大意：如今手机上瘾现象非常严重，对人们的生活有着很大的危害。文章告诉我们是我们的自控力和自我约束力差而导致此种现象，并非手机本身的问题。
1.had 考查一般过去时。根据时间状语“on Oct. 22”可知，此处是在描述发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时。
2.absorbed 考查固定短语。be absorbed in“专心致志，全神贯注”，是固定短语。
3.throwing 考查现在分词。根据语境可知，此处表示“火车与他擦身而过，把他摔在了地上”，train和throw之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词作结果状语。
4.as 考查固定结构。serve as意为“起作用，产生效果”，此处表示“这应该给人们起一个警告作用”。
5.when/while 考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示“尤其是当过马路的时候”，故用when或while，此处是“主语+系动词”的省略。可还原为：especially when/while they are crossing roads。
6.Luckily 考查副词。幸运的是，这个男子与死亡擦肩而过，但是这个事件迫使驾驶员停下了火车。在句首应该用lucky的副词形式，即Luckily。
7.to stop 考查动词不定式。force sb. to do sth.意为“迫使某人做某事”，为固定结构。
8.which 考查非限制性定语从句。因为这件事耽搁了18分钟，导致路线上其他火车的运行中断了。此处用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的“An 18minute delay”。
9.addiction 考查名词。分析句子成分可知，此处作主语，意为“手机上瘾”，故用addicted的名词形式addiction，意为“上瘾”。addict作为名词时，意为“对……着迷的人”，此处不符合语境。
10.worse 考查形容词比较级。what's even worse意为“甚至更糟糕的是”，even修饰比较级，故用worse。
四、短文改错
(2015·云南师大附中适应性考试)
Alibaba founder Jack Ma, his company has been valued at more than $ 221 billion of which Ma owned 6%, is put in the top position among China's wealthiest. But he stays outside the list of the world's 10 rich people.
Fought against a hard life, young Ma still managed to learn English well enough to gain a degree and became a teacher. Afterwards he started a translation agency in which took him to the US, where he introduced to the Internet. His fate was bound to change before he was accidentally appointed to take an American visitor Jerry Yang, a cofounder of Yahoo, in a tour of the Great Wall. The meeting obvious proved to be a turning point for all of them, promoting the birth of Alibaba and the later cooperation with Jerry Yang.
答案：
Alibaba founder Jack Ma, company has been valued at more than $ 221 billion of which Ma 6%, is put in the top position among China's wealthiest. But he stays outside the list of the world's 10 people.
against a hard life, young Ma still managed to learn English well enough to gain a degree and became a teacher. Afterwards he started a translation agency in which took him to the US, where he introduced to the Internet. His fate was bound to change he was accidentally appointed to take an American visitor Jerry Yang, a cofounder of Yahoo, a tour of the Great Wall. The meeting proved to be a turning point for of them, promoting the birth of Alibaba and the later cooperation with Jerry Yang.
解析：
第一处：his→whose 考查定语从句。第一句话主干成分是Jack Ma is put in the top position，所以逗号后应该是定语从句，所以把his改为whose。
第二处：owned→owns 考查时态。由第一段时态可知。
第三处：rich→richest 考查形容词的最高级。世界上最富有的十个人，所以用最高级。
第四处：Fought→Fighting 考查非谓语动词。句子主语young Ma与fight之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用其ing形式。
第五处：去掉which前的in 考查定语从句。定语从句部分took him to the US缺少主语，所以用关系代词which。而in which相当于关系副词where。
第六处：introduced前加was 考查语态。此处是他被介绍到网络上，应该用被动语态。
第七处：before→when或after 考查连词。在他带领雅虎的创办人美国旅游家Jerry Yang游览长城时(后)，他的命运必定会改变。
第八处：in→to 考查介词。分析句子，此处是与前面的took连在一起的，所以是take sb. to some place领某人去某地。
第九处：obvious→obviously 考查形容词与副词。修饰动词proved用副词。
第十处：all→both 考查代词。此处提到了两个人Jack Ma和Jerry Yang。
