B
(2015·凉州模拟)
Photographs are everywhere. They decorate the walls of homes and are used in stores for sales of different goods. The news is filled with pictures of fires, floods, and special events. Photos record the beauties of nature. They can also bring things close that are far away. Through photos, people can see wild animals, cities in foreign lands, and even the stars in outer space. Photos also tell stories.
Reporting the news through photos is called photojournalism. At times photojournalists tell their stories through a single picture. At other times, they use a group of pictures to tell a story. Each picture is like a chapter in a book, which can do more than record the facts. It can also be a strong force for social change.
Jacob Riis was among the first photojournalists. He took pictures of parts of New York City where the poor lived. Riis believed that poverty caused crime, and he used photos to help him prove his point. A few years later, the photos of small children working in factories by Lewis Hine shocked the public. Hine’s pictures helped bring about laws to protect such children.
Hundreds of pictures may have to be taken in order to get one or two really good photos. It takes science to have the photo come out clearly and art to make a photo that has a good design and expresses feeling. Photojournalists make an actual record of what they see. A photo, however, can be both a work of art and an actual record. It can record an important event as a beautiful or exciting picture.
As historical and artistic documents, photos can become more important over time. Today photojournalists still have their pictures appear in newspapers and magazines. They also publish them in books and on the Internet.
【文章大意】Jacob Riis是第一批新闻摄影家之一, 他用他拍的照片帮助立法以保护那些贫穷的孩子们。
6. The underlined word “They” in the first paragraph refers to ________ .
A. beauties B. photos C. goods D. events
【解析】选B。词义猜测题。前一句提到Photos record the beauties of nature. 照片记录自然之美, 显然这里They指照片, 意思为“照片把本来很遥远的东西给拉近了”, 故选B合适。
7. The photos of the small children by Hine show us that photos ________ .
A. are also works of art
B. are popular ways of reporting news
C. often shock the public
D. can serve as a force for social change
【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第二段最后一句与第三段最后一句可知, 几年后, Lewis Hine拍的小孩在工厂里工作这些照片使公众震惊。他的照片帮助带来法律以保护这些孩子。故选D。
8. What can we learn from the passage?
A. News with pictures is encouraging.
B. Photos help people improve their life.
C. News photos mean history in a sense.
D. People prefer reading news with pictures.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。由第四段最后两句可知, 一张照片既是艺术的杰作, 又是一个实际的记录。它可以记录重要的事件, 也可以是一幅美丽的或令人兴奋的图画。故选C。
9. The text is mainly about ________ .
A. telling the story through pictures
B. decorating the walls of homes
C. publishing historical papers
D. expressing feelings through pictures
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。考查文章概括能力, 通读全文便知, 文章主要谈到图片在传递信息中的作用。故选A。
【技法导练】
把握规律, 排除干扰, 抓取大意
阅读理解中的主旨大意题, 在命题方式、题目排序、干扰选项的设置方面都有规律可循, 如果把握了这些规律, 势必会排除干扰, 准确寻到合适答案。
1. 主旨大意题的命题特点:
常用的题干关键词①大意类: main idea(大意), theme(主题)……; ②标题类: title(标题); ③意图类: purpose(意图), aim(目标), intend(打算)
2. 干扰项的设置特点:
①干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容, 也就是文章的局部信息, 呈现以偏概全;
②干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项设置内容, 或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点, 出现断章取义;
③干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大或过小, 与文章实际所讨论的内容不符合, 使得主题扩大或变小;
④命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上, 构成一个干扰项。考生不注意的情况下会造成错选答案, 张冠李戴;
⑤有的干扰项中的关键词语似乎在文章中谈到了, 但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系, 属于典型的无中生有。
