B
(2014·哈尔滨第三中学模考)
Two new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries to runners.
One study involved sixtyeight healthy young women and men who ran at least twentyfour kilometers a week. The runners were observed on a treadmill machine (跑步机). Sometimes they wore running shoes. Other times they ran barefoot (赤脚的).
Researchers from the JKM Technologies company in Virginia, the University of Virginia and the University of Colorado did the study.
They found that running shoes create more stress that could damage knees, hips and ankle joints than running barefoot. They observed that the effect was even greater than the effect reported earlier for walking in high heels.
The study appeared in the official scientific journal of the American Academy of Physical Medicine.
The other study appeared in the journal Nature. It compared runners in the United States and Kenya. The researchers were from Harvard University in Massachusetts, Moi University in Kenya and the University of Glasgow in Scotland.
They divided the runners into three groups. One group had always run shoeless. Another group had always run with shoes. And the third group had changed to shoeless running.
Runners who wear shoes usually come down heel first. That puts great force on the back of the foot. But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot. That way they ease into their landing and avoid striking their heels.
Harvard's Daniel Lieberman led the study. He says the way most running shoes are designed may explain why those who wear them land on their heels. The heel of the shoe is bigger and heavier than other parts of the shoe, so it would seem more likely to come down first. Also, the heel generally has thick material under it to soften landings.
But the researchers do not suggest that runners immediately start running barefoot. They say it takes some training. And there can be risks, like running when your feet are too cold to feel if you get injured.
The study was partly supported by Vibram, which makes a kind of footwear that it says is like running barefoot. The findings have gotten a lot of attention. But the researchers say there are many problems in the way the press has reported in their paper. So they have tried to explain their findings on a Harvard website.
4. What's the main idea of the passage?
A. Walking in high heels could have fewer serious effects than running barefoot.
B. Two new discoveries encourage people to run in high heels.
C. Running in shoes is partly good to runners.
D. Two new studies prove running without shoes is beneficial to runners in most cases.
5. Which part of our body could be injured if we run in running shoes?
A. Toes. B. Hips.
C. Feet. D. Legs.
6. What can we learn from the passage?
A. The way that we run by landing on the front or middle of our foot could avoid damaging our heel.
B. We should start running barefoot in no time.
C. Running in modern running shoes could have more serious effects than running in high heels.
D. We won't be injured if we run barefoot.
7. What is the writer's attitude towards the use of the modern running shoes?
A. Persuasive. B. Negative.
C. Objective. D. Supportive.
答案：
【语篇解读】 两项新的研究表明，穿着跑鞋跑步会增加跑步者受伤的风险，赤脚跑步反而可以避免这些损伤。
4. D 解析：主旨大意题。由文章的第一句及下文的研究结果可知，两项新的研究表明赤脚跑步可以避免奔跑带来的损伤，对跑步者有益。
5. B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句“They found that running shoes create more stress that could damage knees，hips and ankle joints than running barefoot.”可知，穿跑鞋跑步可能会伤到臀部，应选择B。
6. A 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中的“But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot. That way they ease into their landing and avoid striking their heels.”可知，赤脚跑步的人常用脚尖或脚的中间部位着地，这样可以避免伤到脚跟，应选择A。
7. C 解析：态度推断题。本文作者只是客观地介绍了两项研究结果，并没有对现代跑鞋的使用发表自己的看法，因此选择C。
