第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
Your local grocery store is a psychological minefield (布雷区)，where even the bananas are ripe with mystery.
1.Southpaws (左撇子) have an invisible (看不见的) advantage
You've probably seen that stores keep go-to items—produce，meats，dairy—on the outer edge.But did you notice that most of them are set up to make you run counterclockwise (逆时针)? Ninety percent of us are right-handed，so we buy more when it's counterclockwise.You'll also often find the dairy section in the back left corner：Because dairy is likely on your list，stores make sure you take the longest route to get there.In fairness，it's also a more convenient place to put a fridge.
2.Everything is in its place
It's safe to say that nothing you see on a shelf is there by chance.The cookies on sale at the end of a passage are likely the result of smart product placement.More expensive items are usually placed at an adult's eye level，while colorful treats and other products for kids are positioned lower—to catch the attention of children.
3.Time goes by so slowly
Stores rarely have windows or clocks.With no reference to the outside world，customers can easily lose track of how long they've been there so that they can buy more.Grocery stores may use another trick to control your sense of time: small floor tiles (瓷砖).
4.Goods are an art form
Grocers know exactly what shade of banana you're most likely to buy.To ensure the bananas on display are the closest to this shade，stores use a ripeness scale that ranges from one (all green) to seven (yellow with brown spots).Some stores even use special lighting to make bananas look more appealing.As for the water sprayed on the other produce? It makes veggies look fresh，but keeping them wet actually makes them rot faster.It also makes produce heavier—and therefore pricier.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了商店不为人知的营销策略。
21.Why do stores usually put dairy in the back left corner?
A.Because it is a quiet place.
B.To make people buy more.
C.To attract people's attention.
D.Because most people are right-handed.
答案 B [细节理解题。由第二段中的Because dairy is likely on your list，stores make sure you take the longest route to get there可知，商场之所以把乳制品放到后面的左拐角处主要是因为人们常买乳制品，把乳制品放到远的地方可以使顾客走很长的路并可能在沿途买其他的东西。]
22.You are more likely to find toys________.
A.in corners B.on lower shelves
C.at an adult's eye level D.at the end of a passage
答案 B [推理判断题。由第三段末的colorful treats and other products for kids are positioned lower—to catch the attention of children可推断，玩具最可能放到较低的地方以吸引孩子们的目光。]
23.Why are there usually no windows or clocks in stores?
A.They are useless.
B.There is no space for them.
C.To make customers stay longer.
D.To allow customers to enjoy themselves.
答案 C [细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的With no reference...they can buy more可知，商店之所以通常没有窗户或钟表主要是为了让顾客忘记时间，从而逛得更久。]
24.Which can be the best title for the text?
A.Secrets of stores
B.Advantages of stores
C.How to shop in stores
D.How to operate a store
答案 A [标题归纳题。由文章开头的Your local grocery store is a psychological minefield及下文可知，本文主要讲商店的秘密营销策略，即如何运用心理学知识摆放商品从而促使消费者购买更多商品。]
B
When a new school year began in August，students in four classes were greeted by a new teacher.The human resources department had worked on through the summer to attract new teachers.Staff members made out-of-state recruiting (招收) trips.The district changed its website and asked local people to tap their families and friends for job candidates.“We were leaving no stone unturned，” said Dave Ostash，assistant of human resources.Still，when the bell rang on the first day of class，they went short of four teachers.
After years of hiring freezes，schools in the U.S.are in urgent need of more qualified teachers.In California，which educates more children than any other state，the number of teaching certificates issued (签发) has dropped by half in the past decade.The state's school districts estimate (估计) they will need 21，000 new teachers annually over the next five years.
School administrators and academic researchers point to a variety of reasons for the shortages.During the past years，many districts cut down jobs and are unwilling to recruit new graduates.Debate over testing and renewing lowest performing schools has circled back to teachers.People go to well-paid jobs，jobs that are more respected.Elena Avila，24，a first-time kindergarten teacher at Union Avenue Elementary School in Los Angeles，said she had wanted to be a teacher since an early age，but began to doubt the decision as she got older.She got a degree in classical studies and volunteered before making up her mind.
To fill their vacancies (空缺)，districts are trying everything to attract new teachers.The Fresno Unified School District in California's San Joaquin Valley has begun advertising openings at movie theaters.At Sierra Sands Unified，half of the new employees are not fully certified (证明合格的);they're working towards alternative certifications while they teach.It wasn't until three weeks into the school year that all the vacancies were filled.For the four newest teachers，there was no time to prepare，only dive in.“They're going and hitting__the__ground__running，” Ostash said.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。美国的很多学校出现了教师短缺的问题。当问题来临时，很多地方都开始想办法解决教师短缺的问题。
25.How many teachers will California recruit in the next five years?
A.21，000. B.42，000.
C.84，000. D.105，000.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第二段中的...they will need 21，000 new teachers annually over the next five years可知，未来五年加利福尼亚需要105 000名教师。]
26.What caused the shortage of qualified teachers?
A.The schools offered higher paid jobs.
B.Teachers are more respected than others.
C.Many districts refused to hire new graduates.
D.The temperature of schools dropped to freezing point.
答案 C [推理判断题。根据第三段中的...many districts cut down jobs and are unwilling to recruit new graduates可知，很多社区拒绝招收新教师导致了教师的缺乏。]
27.What measure did the Fresno Unified School District take to attract new teachers?
A.They went to some colleges.
B.They asked local people for help.
C.They put ads in movie theaters.
D.They gave teachers certifications.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，他们在剧院设立广告来招聘老师。]
28.The underlined part “hitting the ground running” in the last paragraph probably means “________”.
A.turning to other people for some help
B.setting about doing something right away
C.getting well prepared for doing something
D.looking forward to succeeding with pleasure
答案 B [词义猜测题。根据第四段中的For the four newest teachers，there was no time to prepare，only dive in可知，这四位新老师没有经过培训就开始工作，因此hitting the ground running这个短语意为“立即做某事”。]
