C
There is one all-important law of human conduct. If we obey that law, we shall almost never get into trouble. In fact, that law, if obeyed, will bring us countless friends and constant happiness. But the very instant we break the law; we shall get into endless trouble. The law is this: Always make the other person feel important. John Dewey, as we have already noted, said that the desire to be important is the deepest urge in human nature; and William James said: “The deepest principle in human nature is the wish to be appreciated.” As I have already pointed out, it is this urge that distinguishes us from the animals. It is this urge that has been responsible for civilization itself.
Philosophers have been speculating on the rules of human relationships for thousands of years, and out of all that speculation, there has evolved only one important precept(准则). It is not new. It is as old as history. Zoroaster taught it to his followers in Persia twenty-five hundred years ago. Confucius preached (宣扬) it in China twenty-four centuries ago. Lao-tse, the founder of Taoism, taught it to his disciples in the Valley of the Han. Jesus summed it up in one thought---probably the most important rule in the world: “Do unto others as you would have others do unto you.”
You want the approval of those with whom you come in contact. You want recognition of your true worth. You want a feeling that you are important in your little world. You don’t want to listen to cheap, insincere flattery, but you do crave sincere appreciation. You want your friends and associates to be, as Charles Schwab put it, “hearty in their appreciation and generous in their praise.” All of us want that.
So let’s obey the Golden Rule, and give unto others what we would have others give unto us, how? When? Where? The answer is: All the time, everywhere.
28. What makes us different from the animals according to the author?
A. The urge to appreciate others. B. The desire to be important.
C. The ability to use languages. D. The wish to achieve success.
29. The author develops the second paragraph mainly by __________.
A. listing some research results B. analyzing some theories
C. providing some examples D. using some famous sayings
30. What’s the aim of the last paragraph?
A. To look for solution. B. To draw a conclusion.
C. To give some questions. D. To appeal to action.
31. Which of the following proverbs can best summarize the main idea of the passage?
A. Love will find a way B. Do as you would be done by
C. Live and let live D. Nothing can challenge a kind man.
D
Most people feel terrible when they hear the sound of fingernails scratching a blackboard, or a knife scratching a plate. While there isn’t an English word to describe this feeling, Spanish speakers have a specific word for the feeling: grima. Grima can provoke physiological responses such as an increase in the heart rate, and it is so unique that psychologists now say it is an emotional experience rather than a reflex --- and as such, it could be treatable.
Dr Inge Schweiger Gallo is a researcher at Complutense University of Madrid and lead author of the study. Dr Gallo and her team of researchers began their study by asking Spanish speakers what the word grima means to them. Most people described it as an ‘unpleasant feeling’ and also used words such as ‘shivering,’ ‘sounds’ and ‘repulsion’. Grima feelings can be caused by squeaking sounds,, scratching things with fingernails and scratching surfaces.
The Spanish participants were then asked to try to suppress(抑制) their responses to grima sounds. These participants then rated grima sounds as less unpleasant than before, but their ratings for ‘disgusting’ sounds didn’t change. The researchers said that this suggests reactions to grima sounds aren’t a reflex like they are for ‘disgusting’ sounds, but are instead an emotional experience that can be influenced by thought.
So, while grima has similarities to disgust, its triggers(诱因) and effect on the body are different, and grima also has an effect on people who don’t have a word for it in their own language. And although grima is mostly associated with certain sounds, it can also be triggered by the feel of certain materials such as rubber, velvet(红丝绒) or sponges.
A 2012 study found that sounds in this range activate a part of the brain called the amygdala, which is involved in fearful responses and increases activity in the auditory cortex(听觉皮层)。Another reason why grima sounds trigger such strong responses is that they sound rough and have the same effect as when a person screams.
32. What does the underlined word “provoke” in the first paragraph mean?
A. Reduce. B. Strike. C. Cause. D. Accelerate.
33. According to the passage, grima is used to describe __________.
A. a series of physiological responses that can’t be treated
B. a reflex to the sounds of something scratching another thing
C. an increase in the heart rate that makes people disgusted
D. an emotional experience of hearing some unpleasant sounds
34. From the research, we can learn all of the following things EXCEPT that __________.
A. grima sounds are disgusting sounds
B. grima can be triggered by certain sounds or certain materials
C. people’s reactions to grima sounds can be influenced by thought
D. people who suppress their responses to grima sounds feel less disgusted
35. The reasons why grima sounds trigger such strong responses are __________.
a. their effect on the body is different
b. sounds in this range activate a special part of the brain
c. they have an effect on people who don’t have a word for it in their language
d. they sound rough and have the same effect as when a person screams
A. ad B. bd C. ac D. bc
第二节 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项.
The only thing that makes some people special is within all of us. 36 . All that you need to do is develop a passion around the thing you are really curious about. Then, how can you develop enough passion to be considered special? Here are a few tips that can help you.
● 37 Observe their passion for their profession. Never shy away from asking questions. No matter when you see something that you are genuinely interested in, strike up a conversation with people who you meet, and ask questions. This can help you to learn a lot. 38 This may lead to cooperative projects in the future. You will be recognized for your passionate pursuit of knowledge.
● 39 This could be writing a short story, if your passion is to become a fictional writer, or experimenting with new ways to get leads, if you are in the sales field, for instance.
● Don’t worry about whether or not you have any talent. Instead, allow your curiosity and passion to freely make you become the special person whom you were meant to be. If you are like most people, then you are likely to care about what people say or think about you.
40 As a matter of fact, nobody acts like you do, thinks like you, or even has the skills and talents that you have.
A. But why would you think that way?
B. You don’t need any special talent to be curious.
C. You are special, gifted and unique in your own right.
D. Besides learning, you might end up making new friendships.
E. Become a student and be ready to learn from the leaders in your field.
F. Give yourself the opportunity to experiment with something new every day.
G. Talent only has a small role to play in determining whether we’ll be successful.
