2019年上半年学位英语考试练习及答案（八）

　　A great difference between American social customs and those of other countries is the way in which names are used. Americans have little concern for “rank”, especially socially. Most Americans do not want to be treated in any especially respectful way because of their age or social rank; it makes them feel uncomfortable. Many Americans even find the terms “Mr.”, “Mrs” or “Miss” too formal. People of all ages may prefer to be called by their first names. “Don’t call me Mrs Smith. Just call me Sally.” Using only first names usually indicates friendliness and acceptance. However, if you do not feel comfortable using only first names, it is quite acceptable to be more formal. Just smile and say that after a while you will use first names but you are accustomed to being more when you first meet someone.

　　Very often, introductions are made using both first and last names: “ Mary Smith, this is John Jones.” In this situation you are free to decide whether to call the lady “Mary” or “Miss Smith”. Sometimes both of you will begin a conversation using last names, and after a while one or both of you may begin using first names instead. You have a choice: if you don’t want to use first names so quickly, no one will think it impolite if you continue according to you own custom.

　　1. In the first paragraph the author tells us that

　　A. Americans do not talk about rank, especially socially

　　B. Americans feel uncomfortable when talking about rank

　　C. Americans tae interests in social customs

　　D. Americans don’t care much about social rank

　　2. According to the passage, most Americans feel when they are treated especially respectfully owing to their age or social rank.

　　A. sick B. sorry C. uneasy D. embarrassed

　　3. Which of the following statements in NOT true?

　　A. The way names are used in America is different from those of other countries.

　　B. Many Americans are used to being called by their first names.

　　C. It shows friendliness and kindness to use only first names.

　　D. When you talk to people in the United States, you have to use their first names.

　　4. If an American lady say “Don’t call me Mrs Smith, just call me Sally.” that shows

　　A. she is not a married woman

　　B. she prefers to be called “Sally”

　　C. she is not Mrs Smith

　　D. she likes to be more formal

　　5. The passage you’ve just read would most likely be found in a

　　A. guide-book for tourists

　　B. book about American history

　　C. notice

　　D. short story

　　PASSAGE 1

　　美国与其他国家社会习俗的一个显著不同是名字的使用方式。美国人很少关注“级别”，特别是在社交方面。多数美国人不想因其年长或者级别高而受到特别的尊敬。这种特别的尊敬会让他们感到局促不安。很多美国人甚至认为称呼“先生”、“女士”和“小姐”过于正式。他们无论年长或者年少可能更愿意别人称他们的名字。“不要称呼我史密斯女士，就叫我萨利好了。”只称呼名字常常意味着友好和接纳。但是如果只称呼名字你会感到不安，正式一些是完全可以接受的。只要微笑着说过一会儿你会称呼名字，但是第一次见面你习惯于比较正式的称呼。

　　通常介绍时会同时使用姓和名：“玛丽·史密斯，这位是约翰·琼斯。”在这种情况下，你可以自由决定称呼这位女士“玛丽”还是“史密斯小姐”。你们有时会以称呼对方的姓开始交谈，不久其中一人或两人同时开始称呼名字。你可以选择：如果你不想这么快就称呼名字，没有人会认为你按照自己的习惯继续称呼姓氏是不礼貌的。

　　答案解析：

　　1. D 第一段讲道美国人很少关注“级别”，特别是在社交方面。多数美国人不想因其年长或者级别高而受到特别的尊敬。这种特别的尊敬会让他们感到局促不安。比较四个选项，D的意思最准确、最符合原文。

　　2. C 第一段原文提到 多数美国人因其年长或者级别高而受到特别的尊敬时会感到局促不安。所以选C。 “uncomfortable” 在本文中应该理解为“局促不安的”(ill at ease; uneasy).

　　3. D 第一段结尾提到 如果只称呼名字你会感到不安，正式一些是完全可以接受的。只要微笑着说过一会儿你会称呼名字，但是第一次见面你习惯于比较正式的称呼。所以与美国人谈话并不一定必须(have to)称呼名字。

　　4. B 从引文的上下文中可以推断出 “Mrs. Smith”是比较正式的称呼，而美国人更喜欢直接称呼名字。所以选择 B

　　5. A 本文主要介绍美国的社会习俗 — 社交场合的称呼，与历史无关、不是通知的形式、更不是短篇小说。所以最可能出现在旅游指南上。

　　Passage 2

　　Questions 6-10 are based the following passage

　　Long bus rides are like television shows. They have a beginning, a middle, and an end-with commercials thrown in every three or four minutes. The commercials are unavoidable. They happen whether you want them or not. Every couple of minutes a billboard glides by outside the bus window. “Buy Super Clean Toothpaste.” “Drink Good’n Wet Root Beer.” “Fill up with Pacific Gas.” Only if you sleep, which is equal to turning the television set off, are you spared the unending cry of “You Need It! Buy It Now!”

　　The beginning of the ride is comfortable and somewhat exciting, even if you’ve traveled that way before. Usually some things have changed-new houses, new buildings, sometimes even a new road. The bus driver has a style of driving and it’s fun to try to figure it out the first hour or so. If the driver is particularly reckless or daring, the ride can be as thrilling as a suspense story. Will the driver pass the truck in time? Will the driver move into the right or the left-hand lane? After a while, of course, the excitement dies down. Sleeping for a while helps pass the middle hours of the ride. Food always makes bus rides more interesting. But you’ve got to be careful of what kind of food you eat. Too much salty food can make you very thirsty between stops.

　　The end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning. You know it will soon be over and there’s a kind of expectation and excitement in that. The seat, of course, has become harder as the hours have passed. By now you’ve sat with you legs crossed, with your hands crossed behind your head. The end comes just at the right time. There are just no more ways to sit.

　　6. According to the passage, what do the passengers usually see when they are on a long bus trip?

　　A. Buses on the road.

　　B. Films on television.

　　C. Advertisements on the board.

　　D. Gas stations.

　　7. What is the purpose of this passage?

　　A. To give the writer’s opinion about long bus trips.

　　B. To persuade you to take a long bus trip.

　　C. To explain how bus trips and television shows differ.

　　D. To describe the billboards along the road.

　　8. The writer of this passage would probably favor

　　A. bus drivers who weren’t reckless

　　B. driving alone

　　C. a television set on the bus

　　D. no billboards along the road

　　9. The writer feels long bus rides are like TV shows because

　　A. the commercials both on TV shows and on billboards along the road are fun

　　B. they both have a beginning, a middle, and an end, with commercials in between

　　C. the drivers are always reckless on TV shows just as they are on buses

　　D. both traveling and watching TV are not exciting

　　10. The writer thinks that the end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning because both are

　　A. exciting B. comfortable C. tiring D. boring

　　PASSAGE2

　　乘坐长途车就如同欣赏电视秀，有开端、有情节、也有结尾，每隔三四分钟插播商业广告。商业广告不可避免。无论是否需要，都会出现。车窗外每几分钟就有商业广告牌闪过。“买超级清洁牙膏”、“喝个痛快就喝无醇饮料”、“充太平洋天然气”。只有睡觉，如同关掉电视机，才能躲避无休止的叫喊“你需要这个!现在就买吧!”

　　旅程的开始是舒适并且有些兴奋的，即使曾经走过那条路。通常一些事物有变化，新房子、新建筑、有时甚至新道路。司机有驾驶的风格，在一开始辨认出这种风格是一种乐趣。

　　如果司机横冲直撞、敢于冒险，旅程将如同悬念小说一样惊险刺激。司机会恰好超过那辆卡车吗?司机会开左车道还是右车道?当然，不久刺激感渐渐消失了。睡一会有助于度过旅途中间几个小时。食物始终让旅行更有趣味。但是要注意吃哪种食物。过于咸的食物能使你在站间非常口渴。

　　旅行结尾与开端有些相似。你知道旅程将很快结束，就会产生一种期待和兴奋。座位一定随着时间变得更加坚硬。现在你双腿交叉着坐着，双手交叉垫在脑后。旅程适时结束。恰好没有其他坐姿了。

　　答案解析：

　　6、C 第一段中介绍了乘客在坐长途车过程中所见的是广告牌。 “the commercials”是“商业广告”的意思;“billboard” 是“广告牌”的意思，即 “advertisements on the board”。

　　7、 A 全文主要介绍作者对乘车长途旅行的感受。

　　8、 D 第一段作者认为“商业广告不可避免”和“只有睡觉才能躲避广告”，由此可以推断出作者不喜欢沿途的广告牌。

　　9、 B 根据文章第一段第一句和第二句“乘坐长途车就如同欣赏电视秀，有开端、有情节、也有结尾，每隔三四分钟插播商业广告”可知。

　　10、A 根据文章第二段第一句“旅程的开始是舒适并且有些兴奋的”和第三段第二句“你知道旅程将很快结束，就会产生一种期待和兴奋”可知。

　　Passage 3

　　Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage

　　No poem should ever be discussed or “analyzed”, until it has been read aloud by someone, teacher or student. Better still, perhaps, is the practice of reading it twice, once at the beginning of the discussion and once at the end, so the sound of the poem is the last thing one hears of it.

　　All discussions of poetry are, in fact, preparations for reading it aloud, and the reading of the poem is, finally, the most telling “interpretation” of it, suggesting tone, rhythm, and meaning all at once. Hearing a poet read the work in his or her own voice, on records or on film, is obviously a special reward. But even those aids to teaching can not replace the student and teacher reading it or, best of all, reciting it.

　　I have come to think, in fact, that time spent reading a poem aloud is much more important than “analyzing” it, if there isn’t time for both. I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry. Poetry is “a criticism of life”, “a heightening of life, enjoyment with others”. It is “an approach to the truth of feeling”, and it “can save your life” It also deserves a place in the teaching of languages and literature more central than it presently occupies.

　　I am not saying that every English teacher must teach poetry. Those who don’t like it should not be forced to put that dislike on anyone else. But those who do teach poetry must keep in mind a few things about its essential nature, about its sound as well as its sense, and they must make room in the classroom for hearing poetry as well as thinking about it.

　　11. According to the passage, to have a better understanding of a poem, the best way is

　　A. to discuss it with others

　　B. to analyze it by oneself

　　C. to hear it read out

　　D. to practice reading it aloud

　　12. The recitation of a poetry by the teacher or a student in the classroom

　　A. is the best way to understand it

　　B. easily arouses some discussion among the students

　　C. helps the teachers to analyse it

　　D. can not take the place of the poet reading it analyse

　　13. According to the author, one of the purposes of teaching English is getting students

　　A. to criticize life B. to like poetry

　　C. to enjoy life D. to teach poetry

　　14. What does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply?

　　A. The teaching of poetry should have been much more stressed

　　B. The teaching of poetry is more important than the teaching of any other subject.

　　C. One cannot enjoy life fully without an understanding of poetry.

　　D. Poetry is the foundation of all languages and literature courses.

　　15. The phrase “make room” in the last paragraph can be best replaced by

　　A. “build a booth” B. “provide equipment”

　　C. “leave a certain amount of time” D. “set aside enough space”

　　PASSAGE 3

　　在教师或者学生朗读之前，绝不应该讨论或者“分析”诗歌。朗读两次大概更好，一次在讨论开始时，另一次在结尾，这样人们最后听到的是诗歌的朗诵。

　　事实上，讨论诗都是为朗读做准备，并且读诗最终是对诗歌最生动有效的诠释，同时表现出语调、节奏和意义。显而易见，倾听诗人读自己的作品，无论是录音还是录像，都会带来特别的收益。但是即使教学辅助设备也无法取代学生和教师朗读诗，最好能够背诵。

　　我想到事实上如果时间有限，朗读诗的重要性远大于“分析”诗。我认为作为英语教师，我们的目标之一是使学生热爱诗歌。诗是“生活的批判”、“生活的升华，与他人的共享。”诗是“通往真实情感的道路”，“能够拯救生命”。在语言和文学教学中，诗也理应占据比现在更重要的位置。

　　我并不是说每位英语教师必须教授诗歌。己所不欲，勿施于人。但是教授诗歌者必须牢记一些关于诗歌本质、声音和感觉的知识，也必须在课堂留出聆听和思考的时间。

　　答案解析：

　　11、D 第一段第一句强调朗读诗应置于讨论和“分析”之前，第二段第一句进一步说讨论诗都是为朗读做准备，并且朗读诗最终是对诗歌最生动有效的诠释。第三段第一句也强调朗读诗的重要性远大于“分析”诗。因此，朗读、讨论、分析三者比较，练习朗读诗是能够更好的理解诗的最好方式。

　　12、A 第二段最后一句讲即使教学辅助设备也无法取代学生和教师朗读诗，最好能够背诵。由此可以推断出背诵是理解诗的最好方式。

　　13、B 第三段讲我认为作为英语教师，我们的目标之一是使学生热爱诗歌。所以答案是热爱诗。

　　14、A 第三段最后一句在语言和文学教学中，诗也理应占据比现在更重要的位置。所以应强调诗歌教学。应选A 注： “stress” 是“强调”的意思 (To place emphasis on; emphasize)

　　15、C “make room for” 本意是“为……腾出空位”。此处应理解为在课上安排时间聆听和思考诗歌，即 “leave a certain amount of time”之意。