2018年学位英语阅读理解习题及答案（5）_第2页

　　Suicide has been a cause of concern in most societies for a long time. The classical Greeks, for example, required people who wanted to kill themselves to get permission from the senate. While this law is not without humor by today's standards, it clearly shows an awareness of the problem in times gone by.

　　In today's society, suicide is much more prevalent than we want to admit. Why do people try to take their own lives?

　　The motives for suicide can be categorized into areas such as a failure, wrath(暴怒), the needfor attention, stress, and so on. However, the qualities of a person who wants to take his own life change from person to person, making it difficult to depict(描写)the typical victim. To make the problem even more confusing, people will often camouflage(掩盖)their true feelings, thus causing their friends to disregard problems that should be viewed as serious.

　　In theUnited States, a network of centers has been created to attempt to prevent suicides.People who are bitter, worded, or depressed are encouraged to contact workers at these centers. These workers, often trained volunteers, offer benevolent advice to the callers, trying to help the callers to see that suicide as a solutions to problems is an illusion. The accomplishments of these centers, insofar(到这个程度)as their effectiveness to reduce suicide is concerned, are minimal However, they have helped a lot of people with a wide variety of problems. So, in the somewhat amorphous(难以名状的)area of man helping his fellow man, they are certainly a success.

　　11.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the article?

　　A.The classical Greeks did not know the existence of suicide

　　B.Suicide has always been prevalent in all parts of the world

　　C.In today's society, there are quite a number of people who commit suicide

　　D.Nowadays suicide is not as common as it was in the past

　　参考答案：C

　　主题思想题。文章的大意是说在目前出现的自杀想象，引起自杀的原因以及提出解决的方法。很明显在把握文章大意的同时就知道C是正确的。

　　12.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a motive for suicide?

　　A.Insanity

　　B.Pressure

　　C.The need for attention

　　D.Great anger

　　参考答案：A

　　A的意思是荒唐的。第2段的第一句话说明了自杀的相关原因和动机，A文章里面没有涉及。

　　13.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

　　A.People who want to take their own lives often disguise their feelings

　　B.It is difficult to describe what kind of people tend to commit suicide

　　C.Suicide has been a problem in most societies since ancient times

　　D.People who commit suicide all share certain characteristics

　　参考答案：D

　　A在第一段的中间提到了，B自杀的动机是很明显的，并且作者列举了几个。C中的ancient times是说在古时候就有了，也不是正确地反映作者的表达。

　　14.The word "benevolent" means ( ).

　　A.relevant

　　B. kind

　　C. serious

　　D. effective

　　参考答案：B

　　A是相关的意思，C是严重的意思，D是有效果的，有影响的。B的意思是好的慈善的意思。

　　15.The third paragraph mainly tells us that ( ).

　　A.a network of centers has been quite effective in reducing suicide

　　B.a network of centers has been quite successful in reducing suicide

　　C.people are making efforts to help those who tend to commit suicide and in a way, they are successful

　　D.in theUnited States, people who want to commit suicide call a network of centers to get help

　　参考答案：C

　　细节题。C的含义是说人们在努力地帮助那些想自杀的人，在某种程度上他们已经取得了一定的胜利。文章的最后一句就是这个意思?

　　Animals seem to have the sense to eat when they are hungry and they do not eat more than their bodies need. It has been demonstrated that rats will, when given a choice over a period of time, prefer water with vitamins to water without vitamins even though there is no difference in taste or smell between the two water bottles. When a fragrant flavor was added to the vitamin enriched fluid, the rats did seem to develop a taste for it and kept drinking it, even after the vitamins were switched to the clear water. In time, however, they broke the habit and went back to where the necessary vitamins were.

　　In a classic experiment, babies of 6 to 12 months old were placed in a cafeteria feeding arrangement, with a wide selection of baby food before them. They were given whatever food they pointed to or appeared interested in. We are told that at first they showed some unusual eating patterns, but that over a period of time they managed to select well-balanced diet.

　　So, in selecting food, rats and babies do seem to know and act on what's best for them.Apparently, there is a kind of "body wisdom", which hmnans soon lose.Most of us do not eat as wisely as we could.

　　Many of our food preferences are culturally determined and influenced by long-established habits. Some people eat fox, dog and blackbirds, while we eat cows and pigs. So what people eat and how much they eat seem to be greatly influenced by what is going on around them.

　　16.In the experiment on rats, a fragrant flavor was added to the rat's drinking water to ( ).

　　A.encourage rats to drink vitamin-enriched water

　　B.find out rats preference in flavor

　　C.test whether rats know which drink is good for them

　　D.demonstrate that vitamins aretasteless

　　参考答案：C

　　细节题。答案在文章第一段"It has been demonstrated that rats will, when given a choice over a period of time, prefer water with vitamins to water without vitamins even though there is no difference in taste or smell between the two water bottles."

　　17.The expression "the habit"( Line 6, Paragraph 1) refers to drinking water which ( ).

　　A.has no smell

　　B.is tasteless

　　C.has vitamins

　　D.is flavored

　　参考答案：D

　　细节题。第一段的最后谈到"When a fragrant flavor was added to the vitamin-enriched fluid.the rats did seem to develop a taste for it and kept drinking it…"所以句子中的habit实际上指的是老鼠喜欢喝有香味的水。所以D是正确答案。

　　18.According to the passage, adults eating habits differ from those of babies because ( ).

　　A.adults know better than babies what kind of food is good for their health

　　B.adults usually cannot resist the temptation of various delicious foods

　　C.adults' eating habits are closely related to the social and cultural customs

　　D.adults have more choices of food than babies in eating patterns

　　参考答案：C

　　细节题。由文章第二段的最后一句"Babies managed to select well-balanced diet."和文章的第三段中："Many of our food preferences are culturally determined and influenced by lon established habits."可以看出成年人和婴儿的饮食习惯的不同点在于：成年人的饮食习惯和他们的社会和文化习俗有关。

　　19.The author implied in the passage that most of us ( ).

　　A.eat a balanced diet

　　B.choose the food that is of nutrition

　　C.have the habits influenced by the surroundings

　　D.like to eat the food with a fragrant flavor

　　参考答案：C

　　细节题。根据上下文，我们可以知道，文章中并没有提到“大多数人都有合理的饮食;选择有营养的食物以及喜欢吃有香味的食品。”因此A、B、D都是错误的。根据文章的最后一句："What people eat and how much they eat seem to be greatly influenced by what is going on around them."可以断定“我们的饮食习惯受周围环境的影响。”C是正确答案。

　　20.As far as their eating habits are concerned, babies and rats are similar in that ( ).

　　A.both have the wisdom to choose a balanced diet

　　B.both prefer flavored food and drink

　　C.both have the same eating patterns

　　D.both develop a taste for the same kinds of flavors

　　参考答案：A

　　细节题。由文章第二段的最后一句话："Babies managed to select well-balanced diet."和第三段的第一句话："So.in selecting food, rats and babies do seem to know and act on what's best for them.Apparently, there is a kind of‘body wisdom'which humans soon lose."因此可以推断：“婴儿和老鼠饮食习惯的相同点在于他们都会选择合理的饮食。”因此只有A最符合题意。