2017学位英语考试模拟试题（7）_第2页

　　二、阅读理解(11-30)

　　When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty(保单), or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.

　　A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the "higher up" the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer's favour, assuming he or she has a just claim.

　　Consumers shoud complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.

　　Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, "The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear" is better than "This stereo(立体声音响)does not work."

　　The store manager may advise the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and as firmly as possible. But if a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumers‘rights.

　　11.When a consumer finds that his purchase has a fault in it, the first thing he should do is to ______.

　　A. complain personally to the manager

　　B. threaten to take the matter to court

　　C. write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchase

　　D. show some written proof of the purchase to the store

　　答案：D

　　解析：答案D。本题答案在原文第一句中可以找到。它的大意是：当顾客发现他(她)所买的商品有毛病或在其他方面未达到制造商所声称的标准时，第一步就是将保单或其他有助于解决问题的记录这家商店看。所以D“向这家商店出示书面证明”，与原文相符，是正确答案。而A“当面向经理申诉”，是在第一步中问题得不到解决时才使用，所以它不是此题答案。B“威胁将此事向法庭上诉”是在经理未能解决问题，写信给厂家也未能解决问题时才使用的方法，所以它也不是解决问题的第一步。C“给商店写一封态度强硬的抱怨信”也是在第一步中问题得不到解决时才使用的。所以A.B.C均不是正确答案。

　　12.If a consumer wants a quick settlement of his problem, it's better to complain to _______.

　　A. a shop assistant

　　B. the store manager

　　C. the manufacturer

　　D. a public organization

　　答案：B

　　解析：答案B。此题源于第二段。作者认为许多消费者使用的简单而又常用的办法是直接向商店经理投诉。

　　13. The most effective complaint can be made by______.

　　A. showing the faulty item to the manufacturer

　　B. explaining exactly what is wrong with the item

　　C. saying firmly that the item is of poor quality

　　D. asking politely to change the item

　　答案：B

　　解析：答案B。原文第四段的大意是：当顾客申诉商品有质量问题时，态度要坚定、有礼貌，特别是如果消费者当场演示就能最有效地达到申诉目的。不能当场演示时也要提出比较具体的质量间题。A、C、D三项都是泛泛地说质量差、有毛病，而没能说出该商品哪一个具体的部位有毛病，所以都不是最有效的解决问题的办法。而B项“准确解释商品哪里有问题”与原文相符，是正确答案。

　　14. The phrase "live up to" (Para. 1, Line 2) in the context means ________.

　　A. meet the standard of

　　B. realize the purpose of

　　C. fulfil the demands of

　　D. keep the promise of

　　答案：A

　　解析：答案A。live up to所在句子的意思是：“当顾客发现他所购买的商品有毛病或在某种程度上没有达到制造商所声称的标准时，…”。B项“实现(制造商所声称的)目的”，句意不通;C项“满足(制造商所声称的)要求”;D项“履行(制造商所声称的)承诺”，C、D两项均与原文意思不符。而A项“达到(制造商所声称的)标准”正是原文 所表达的意思，所以是正确答案。

　　15. Tthe passage tells us _______.

　　A. how to settle a consumer's complaint about a faulty item

　　B. how to make an effective complaint about a faulty item

　　C. how to avoid buying a faulty item

　　D. how to deal with complaints from customers

　　答案：B

　　解析：答案B。从全文看，作者向读者推荐了几种申诉伪劣商品的办法，可见作者是站在顾客的立场上的。而A、D两项是站在卖方的立场;C项在文章中未提到，所以它们都不是正确答案。B项“如何有效地申诉有质量问题的商品”与原文意思相符是此题答案。

　　Fried foods have long been frowned upon. Nevertheless, the skillet(煎锅)is about our handiest and most useful piece of kitchen equipment. Stalwart lumber jacks and others engaged in active labor requiring 4,000 calories per day or more will take approximately one third of their rations prepared in this fashion. Meat, eggs, and French toast cooked in this way are served in millions of homes daily. Apparently the consumers are not beset with more signs of indigestion than afflict those who insist upon broiling, roasting, or boiling. Some years ago one of our most eminent physiologists investigated the digestibility of fried potatoes. He found that the pan variety was more easily broken down for assimilation than when deep fat was employed. The latter, however, dissolved within alimentary tract more readily than the boiled type. Furthermore, he learned, by watching the progress of the contents of the stomach by means of the fluoroscope(透视镜), that fat actually accelerated the rate of digestion. Now all this is quite in contrast with "authority". Volumes have been written on nutrition, and everywhere the dictum(格言)has been accepted no fried edibles of any sort for children. A few will go so far as to forbid this style of cooking wholly. Now and then an expert will be bold enough to admit that he uses them himself, the absence of discomfort being explained on the ground that he possesses a powerful gastric apparatus. We can of course sizzle perfectly good articles to death so that they will be leathery and tough. But thorough heating, in the presence of shortening, is not the awful crime that it has been labeled. Such dishes stimulate rather than retard contractions of the gall bladder. Thus it is that bile mixes with the nutriment shortly after it leaves the stomach.

　　We don't need to allow our foodstuffs to become oil soaked, but other than that, there seems to be no basis for the widely heralded prohibition against this method. But notions become fixed. The first condemnation probably arose because an "oracle" suffered from dyspepsia which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu. The theory spread. Others agreed with him, and after a time the doctrine became incorporated in our textbooks. The belief is now tradition rather than proved fact. It should have been refuted long since, as experience has demonstrated its falsity.

　　16.This passage focuses on _______.

　　A. why the skillet is a handy piece of kitchen equipment

　　B. the digestibility of fried foods

　　C. how the experts can mislead the public in the area of food Preparation

　　D. why fried food have long been frowned upon

　　答案：B

　　解析：答案B。本文讲述的是煎炸食物的可消化性，故B项是正确的。

　　17.Apparently much fried food is eaten because ______.

　　A. it is easily prepared

　　B. people engaged in active labor need the calories that fat supplies

　　C. it is healthful

　　D. it is easily digested

　　答案：A

　　解析：答案A。根据文章第二句中的关健词handiest作“最容易的”解，故A项是正确的。B项只是人们吃煎炸食物的一个现象，而不是原因。故B项是错误的。

　　18.The author strongly implies that the public should ________.

　　A. avoid fried foods if possible

　　B. prepare some foods by frying

　　C. fry foods intended for adults but not for children

　　D. prepare all foods by frying

　　答案：B

　　解析：答案B。根据全文，作者认为煎炸食物是能够很多地被消化，而且油能加快消化，只是油不能过多食用。故B项是正确的。

　　19.When the author says that an "oracle suffered from dyspepsia which he ascribed to some fried itemon the menu" he is being______.

　　A. bitter

　　B. sarcastic

　　C. inventive

　　D. humorous

　　答案：B

　　解析：答案B。根据文章，作者肯定了自己的观点，选用oracle, authority等词，以讽刺的口吻批判了一些传统观点，故选择B项。

　　20.The selection was probably taken from _______.

　　A. a medical journey

　　B. a publication addressed to the general public

　　C. a speech at medical convention

　　D. an advertisement for cooking oil

　　答案：B

　　解析：答案B。文章中有科技术语，但医学专业术语并不是很多，并能为广大读者所接受，如shillet, sizzle等等，所以排除A项、C项，全文也不是食油广告，所以D项也是错误的。