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2017成人学位英语考试高频词汇(8)

来源:考试网  [ 2017年7月19日 ]  【

  11、advantage, benefit, profit

  advantage常指一种使某人处于比其他人相对有利的地位,机会或时机。如:He had the advantage of good education.(受过良好的教育对他十分有利。)

  profit多指报偿或报偿性的收入。如Did you make any profit last year?(你去年赚钱了吗?)

  benefit指物质利益或精神方面的好处。如:I get no personal benefit from the business.(我个人从这家企业中并不获益。)

  12、1affect, effect

  affect影响(动词)。如Smoking affects health.

  effect效果,影响(名词)。如:Government policy will not have any effect on us.

  13、afford, provide, supply

  都有“提供,供给”的意思。

  afford一般只用于抽象事物。

  provide和supply意思相同,两个词都和with连用,构成provide /supply somebody with something的结构。

  14、ago, before

  ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”,常与一般过去时连用,不可以单独使用。

  before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”,也可泛指以前,常和完成时连用,可以单独使用。

  例如,I saw him ten minutes ago.我十分钟之前看到的他。

  He told me that he had seen the film before.他告诉我他以前看过这场电影。

  15、agree on;agree to;agree with

  agree on作“就……取得一致意见”解。例如:

  The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.

  上月,就建一座新汽车厂之事达成了协议。

  agree to有两层含义和用法:

  其一是to作为动词不定式符号,其后跟动词原形,作“同意(答应)做某事”解。

  例如: My father agreed to buy a new pen for me.父亲答应给我买支新钢笔。

  其二是to作为介词,之后跟表示“计划/条件/建议等一类的名词或代词”。例如:

  They have a greed to our plan. 他们已同意我们的计划。

  agree with作“同意某人的意见”解,其后可跟表示人的名词或代词,也可跟表示“意见”或“说的话”的名词或从句。例如:

  He agreed with my opinions.他同意了我的意见。

  We agreed with what he said at the meeting.我们同意他在会上讲的话。

  16、alive, living, live

  alive指虽有死的可能,但仍活着,一般只作表语。

  living可用于人或物,作定语时可前可后。

  live只做前置定语,用于动物和个别事物前。

  17、almost, nearly

  一般说来,almost比nearly表示的意思更接近“开始”、“完成”(目标)等。

  在all, every, always前,两者都可用。如:He is almost (nearly) smoking.(他几乎每天抽烟。)

  almost可同never, no, nobody, none, nothing连用,而nearly却不能。如:Almost no one believed her.(几乎没人相信他。)

  18、alone, lonely

  alone只表“独自”的客观状态,没有感情色彩,只作表语;lonely表“孤独”,:“寂寞”,能作定语和表语。如:When she is left alone, she feels lonely.(剩下她一人时她就感到寂寞。)

  alone, only均可表“只有”,但alone须置于被修饰词之后,only往往置于被修饰词前。如:He alone (Only he) can remember the story.(只有他才能记起这段经历。)

  19、altogether, all together

  altogether总计,总共。如:Altogether there are six of us.(我们总计六人。)

  all together全都在一起。如:We played the game all together.(我们大家都一起来玩游戏吧。)

  20、although; though; as

  三者均可表示“尽管;虽然”,引导让步状语从句。although用法较正式,语气较强;though较常用;as则主要用于倒装句。它们的用法有如下几点值得注意:

  Ø 状语从句由although, though或as引导,主句之前不可有but, and, so, however等并列连词,但可有yet或still等副词。although与though常可互换。例如:

  Although/Though he believes it, yet he will not act.他虽然相信它,但却不肯有所行动。

  Ø as表示“尽管;虽然”,只能用于倒装句,即:将表语、状语或谓语动词放在as之前。though也可这么用。例如:

  Young as/though he is, he knows a lot.他虽然年纪不大,却懂得很多。

  注意:如果表语是单数名词,要省略a。例如:

  Child as/though he is, he can speak two foreign languages.虽然他是个孩子,但他会说两门外语。

  Ø though可以放在句末,表示“但是”,although却不能。例如:

  They said they would come; they did not, though.他们说他们会来,可是他们并没有来。

  Ø although只用来陈述“事实”,不能表示“假设”。因此可以说even though“即使”以及as though“好像(=as if)”,不能说even although或as although。例如:

  I believe you are on duty—even though you’re in plain clothes.尽管你穿着便衣,我相信你是在值勤。

  21、among, between

  among在……中间(三者或三者以上之间)。如:Our house is hidden among trees.

  between在两者之间。如:It is easy to distinguish between a Japanese and a Chinese.

  22、answer, reply, respond

  用作动词,都可表“回答”,“答复”。

  answer是常用词,后可接letter(回信),question(回答问题),doorbell(开门),telephone(接电话),advertisement(应征广告)等。

  reply较正式,一般只作不及物动词,可与to连用。如:He has replied to my letter.(他回答了我信中提的问题。)

  respond作“回答”解,用得较少,也同to搭配。如:He quickly responded to the question.(他很快就回答了问题。)

  另外,respond还可表“对……反应”,“响应”。

  23、approve, prove

  approve(1)赞成,同意。如:I don’t approve of wasting time.(我不赞成浪费时间。)

  (2)批准,通过。如:The minister approved the building plan.部长批准了建筑计划。

  prove和approve词形相似,prove是“证明”,“表明是”等。

  24、arise/rise/raise/ arouse

  arise是一个不及物动词,意思是“起源于(和from连用)和“出现”。

  rise是一个不及物动词,意思是“上升”,该词是不及物动词:rise, rose, risen

  raise是一个及物动词,意思是“举起”。

  arouse的意思是“引起,导致”。

  Black smoke rose from the chimney.

  He is too weak to raise that heavy box.

  Accidents usually arise fromcarelessness .

  A crisis has arisen in their marrige.

  Matt’s behavior was arousing the interest of the neighbors.

  25、as (so) far as; as (so) long as

  Ø as(so)far as的意思是“就……而言(所知)”,as (so) far as sth.is concerned是其中一种具体用法,意为“就某事而言”;as (so) long as意为“只要”,引导条件状语从句。如:

  As far as I know, more than 10 million laid-off workers have found their new jobs.

  就我所知,一千多万下岗工人已经找到了新的工作。

  There is nothing that we can’t do so/as long as we keep on trying to do it.

  只要我们不断地努力去做,就没有什么事干不成。

  As far as the tourism of China is concerned, there is a long way to go.

  就中国的旅游业而言,需要做的工作还很多。

  26、as though;even though;though

  Ø as though(=as if),意为“好像;似乎”,引导方式状语从句或表语从句。如:

  He spoke as though(as if)he had been here before.他说话的口气好像他以前来过这里。

  It looks as if(as though)it is going to rain.看起来好像要下雨。

  Ø even though(=even if),意为“即使”,引导让步状语从句。though也引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然”;even though有退一步设想的意味,与though不同。though引导的句子所说的是事实,even though引导的句子所说的则不一定是事实。例如:

  He will not tell the secret even though(even if)he knows it.即使他知道这个秘密,他也不肯说出来。

  He will not tell the secret though he knows it.他虽然知道这个秘密,但他不会说出来。

  27、assure, ensure, insure

  assure的意思是“使(某人)确信”,一般用作:assure sb. of /that…,后面不能直接跟that从句。

  ensure的意思是“保证”,后面可以接双宾语,也可以接that从句。

  insure的意思是“给…上保险”。例如:

  He assuredme that it was true.

  We can’t ensure you a good post.

  My house is insured against fire.

  28、at the beginning;in the beginning

  Ø at the beginning在……初;在……开始的时候。常与of连用。例如:Students usually have a study plan at the beginning of term. 学生们在开学初制定学习计划。

  Ø in the beginning相当于at first,表示“起初、开始”时,含“起初是这种情况,而后来却不是这种情况”之意,不与of连用。例如:In the beginning,some of us took no interest in physics. 起初我们有些人对物理不感兴趣。

  29、at the time; at that time; at one time; at a time

  Ø at the time通常用于过去时句子中,指某件事情发生的“当时”、“那时”。例如:

  Many people saw the strange thing happen at the time. 当时,许多人都看到了这件奇怪的事情的发生。

  有时,at the time的后面可接“of...”短语。这时,它表示“在(某事态)发生的时候”或“在……的时代”。例如:

  Were you in San Francisco at the time of the big earth quake in 1989﹖

  1989年旧金山发生地震时,你在那里吗?

  Ø at that time则通常指前文明确提到的某个时期、时候。通常其后不带“of...”短语。例如:

  In the 17th century much corn was grown in Tibet and Sichuan.At that time

  (=At the 17th century) the land along the Changjiang River was becoming very crowded.

  Ø at one time=during a period of time in the past意为“过去有一段时期”,“曾经”。例如:

  They used to be good friends at one time. 他们曾经是好朋友。

  Ø at a time则意为“一次”,表示一个时间单位。它常与表示数量的词语连用,表示频率。例如:

  Don’t speak all at once.One at a time, please. 不要同时一起说。一次只一个人说。

  Take the medicine three times a day and three pieces at a time. 这些药每天服三次,每次服三粒。

  30、awake, wake, waken

  都可作动词。

  awake既可及物,也可不及物,多用于比喻。

  wake常指“睡醒”,多为不及物动词。

  waken多用作及物动词,常指“吵醒”,“惊醒”。

  31、await, wait

  await是及物动词。如:I await your further instructions.

  wait“等”、“等候”,是不及物动词,后常接介词for。如:I will wait for you at the school gate.

  32、award, prize, reward

  award, reward作动词。award意为“授予(奖品,奖金等)”,后面可跟双宾语;reward意为“报酬”,“酬谢”,只能跟人或以人的行为作宾语。

  award, prize, reward作名词时,award常指奖金,奖品;prize多指在竞赛、竞争中获胜所赢得的奖;reward则指为某项劳动或行为所付的酬金。

  33、because/since/as/for

  Ø 这四个词都是表示原因或理由的连接词,但是as,because,since是从属连词,引导原因状语从句,for是并列连词,所引导的不是原因状语从句,而是表示理由的对等句子,是对前面所讲内容补充和说明。在语气上由强至弱依次为because→since→as→for。because引导的从句多置于句末,表示直接的原因或理由,表示产生那种结果的必然的因果关系,在回答why的提问时,必须用because作答。

  如:We stayed at home because it rained.因为下雨我们呆在家里。

  Ø as与since引导的从句多置于句首,不过as表示十分明显的原因,只说明一般的因果关系,可译为“因为、由于”;而since则表示稍加分析、对方已知的原因,一般可译为“既然”。如:

  As he was not feeling well,I decided to go there alone.由于他身体欠佳,我决定独自去那里。

  Since everyone is here,let's start.既然大家都到了,咱们就开始吧。

  Ø for引导的从句一般放在句末,其前用逗号,它所叙述的理由是间接的,即推测性理由,或是对前面叙述的事实或看法的补充说明。如:

  There must be nobody in the classroom,for the light is off.

  教室里一定没有人,因为灯灭了。(推测性理由)

  34、beat, win

  beat表在比赛和战斗中打败对手,后接对手作宾语。

  Win作及物动词时,其宾语为游戏、比赛、战斗、奖金等名词。如:He has won the race.(他赢得了赛跑的胜利。)

  35、beside, besides

  beside在……旁边。如:Come and sit beside me.

  besides除……之外。如:I have two other umbrellas besides this one.

  36、besides;except;but

  Ø 三者都可以用作介词。用于肯定句中时,except/but意为“除……外(不再有)”;besides意为“除……外(还有)”。请比较:

  All of them have seen the film except/but Wu Dong.除了吴东外,他们都看过了那部影片。

  All of them have seen the film besides Wu Dong.除了吴东看过那部影片外,他们也都看过了。

  Ø except后接名词、代词、-ing或不定式时,可以与but互换;except后接副词、介词短语时,一般不能为but所替换。如:

  I’ll do everything except/but cook.除了做饭,我什么事情都干。

  This window is never opened except in summer.除了在夏天,这个窗子从不打开。

  Ø 用在否定句中,三者可以互换。如:

  There aren’t any other people to do the work except/but/besides you.

  除了你,没人能做这工作。

  37、be known as;be known for;be known to; be known in

  Ø be known as意为“作为……而著名”,其后的名词表示一个人的身份、职业等。如:

  Liu Huan is known as a singer.刘欢作为一个歌手而出名。

  We’re sure you’ll be well-known as an artist.我们相信你会成为一位著名的画家。

  Ø be known for意为“因……而著名”,其后所接内容表示某人或物的特点、特长等。如:

  Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and rivers.桂林因其美丽的山水而闻名。

  Mr Geldof is well-known for organizing two big pop concerts on the same day.

  盖尔多夫先生因在同一天组织两场大型的流行音乐会而出名。

  Ø be known to“为……所了解/知道”,其后接表示人的词语。“(人们都)知道”,其后接动词原形。如:

  He is known to all in our village.村子里的人都了解他。

  He was known to have invented many things.=It was known that he had invented many things.

  人们都知道他已经发明了很多东西。

  38、borrow, lend

  borrow借入。如:Can I borrow your pen for a moment?

  lend把……借给。如:Can you lend me your bike?

  39、bring/take/fetch/carry

  bring (vt.)带来:表示从别处把某人或某物拿到说话者处。

  take (vt.)取走:表示将某物从讲话者处带走

  fetch (vt.)去取:表示到某地将某物或某人拿到讲话者处。

  carry (vt.)携带:表示用人力或交通工具把某物或某人,从一地带到另一地。该动词不含方向意味。

  The ball went over the fence and one of the players asked a boy to fetch it.

  The city’s underground carries more people than the buses.

  You had better take an umbrella with you in case of rain.

  Waiter, bring me a bottle of beer please.

  40、cause, reason

  cause指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因,后接of sth./doing sth

  reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由,后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late

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