四、阅读理解(共15题，每题3分，共45分)
阅读下列短文，然后根据短文的内容从每题的四个选项中选出最佳的一项。
Passage 1
In the English educational system, students take three very important examinations. The first is the eleven-plus, which is taken at the age of eleven or a little past. At one time the ability or aptitude shown on the eleven-plus would have determined if a child stayed in school. Now, however, all children continue in “comprehensive” schools, and the eleven-plus determines which courses of study the child will follow. At the age of fifteen or sixteen, the students are tested for the Ordinary Level of the General Certificate of Education. This examination covers a wide range of subjects; once students have passed this exam, they are allowed to specialize, so that two-thirds or more of their courses will be in physics, chemistry, classical language, or whatever they wish to study at. Greater students study only in their concentrated area, and very few students ever venture outside that subject again; in a real sense, the English boy or girl is a specialist from the age of fifteen.
56. The purpose of this passage is to _______.
A. show why most English students are “ specialists”
B. show the superiority of the English educational system
C. discuss the inequalities of the English educational system
D. describe the three tests that the English educational system is based on
57. The exam for the Ordinary Level of the General Certificate of Education is administrator at the age of ________.
A. fifteen B. eighteen C. eleven D. thirteen
58. We may conclude from the passage that _______.
A. the exam that is taken at age eighteen is easier than the other two exams
B. failure on the eleven-plus exam excludes a student from further schooling
C. higher education is much narrower in scope in English than in America
D. physics and chemistry are the two most popular subjects
59. The passage suggests that_______.
A. most people in English are college educated
B. schooling is very closely controlled in England
C. the failure rate on eleven-plus exam is quite high
D. England’s structured educational system has reduced the illiteracy rate in that country dramatically
60. As used in the passage, the word “aptitude” means_______.
A. attitude B. ability C. latitude D. platitude
Passage 2
Americans eat breakfast and lunch quickly unless it is a social, business or family occasion. The evening meal is usually longer and a time for families to gather. Rushing through daytime meals is part of the fast in America. Another reason for rushing through daytime meals is that many people eat in restaurants that are usually crowded with people waiting for a place so that they too can be served and return to work at the proper time. So each one hurries to make room for the next person. As with busy people everywhere, a real difference with meals that are eaten in hurry and those that can be enjoyed slowly with friends.
61. What is not mentioned in the passage?
A. What time Americans eat dinner.
B. Where Americans eat.
C. Why Americans eat in a hurry.
D. Which do meal Americans eat the most slowly.
62. Which of the following is true?
A. Americans hurry at meals because they want to eat dinner slowly.
B. Americans hurry at meals because they don’t like eating in restaurants.
C. Americans hurry at meals because they are very busy.
D. Americans hurry at meals because they don’t like to eat.
63. According to the passage the least busy time to eat in a restaurant would probably be .
A. during busy times
B. at lunch
C. at dinner
D. at either breakfast or lunch
64. The passage suggests that Americans .
A. like eating with friends
B. do not nap in the afternoon
C. don’t eat much on weekends
D. eat dinner more slowly than lunch
65. According to the passage, Americans .
A. frequently hurry in the evening
B. are always late returning to work
C. eat slower for social and business reasons
D. never eat in restaurants in the evening
Passage 3
In order to learn to be one’s true self, it is necessary to obtain a wide and extensive knowledge of what has been said and done in the world; critically to inquire into it; carefully to consider it; clearly to analyze it; and earnestly to carry it out.
It matters not what you learn, but when you once learn a thing, you must never give it up until you have mastered it. It matters not what you inquire into, but when you once inquire into a thing, you must never give it up until you have thoroughly understood it. It matters not what you try to think of, but when you once try to think of a thing, you must never give it up until you have what you want. It matters not to try to carry it out, but when you once try to carry out a thing, you must never give it up until you have done it thoroughly and well.
If another man succeeds by one effort, you will use a hundred efforts. If another man succeeds by ten efforts, you will use a thousand.
66. According to the author, first of all, one must .
A. obtain knowledge
B. inquire
C. analyze
D. act
67. According to the author, .
A. leaning is unimportant
B. knowledge is unnecessary
C. thinking is of the least importance
D. it doesn’t matter what we learn
68. The end of learning should be .
A. thought
B. inquiry
C. mastery
D. analysis
69. According to the author, another man’s success should .
A. spur us onto greater efforts
B. not be taken into consideration
C. make us nervous
D. cause one to stop trying
70. Which of the following is implied but not stated?
A. It is necessary to obtain a wide knowledge of what has been said and done in the world.
B. The way to knowledge is through specialization.
C. Success depends not so much on natural ability as it does on effort.
D. Success in one’s profession is least important in one’s life.
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