阅读理解
阅读下列短文，然后根据短文的内容从每小题中的四个选项中选择最佳答案。
Being right，defending ourpositions takes a great deal of mental energy and makes enemies. Needing to be right-or needing someone else to be. wrong-encourages others to become defensive(防 备的)，and puts
pressure(压力) on us to keep defending. Yet many of us spend a great deal of timeand energy attempting to prove (or point out) that we are right-and/or others are wrong. Many people believe that it's somehow their job to show others how their positions and points of view( 见 解 ) are incorrect， and that in doing so，the person they are correcting is going to value it highly，or at least learn something. Wrong! Think about it. Have you ever been corrected by someone and said to the person who was trying to be right，"Thank you so much for showing me that I' m' wrong and you're right. Now I see it. Boy， you're great!" Or， has anyone you know ever thanked you (or even agreed with you) when you corrected them，or made yourself" right"? Of course not. The truth is，all of us hate to be corrected. We all want our positions to be respected and understood by others. Being listened to and heard is one of the greatest desires of the human heart. And those who learn to listen are the most loved and respected. Those who. are in the habit of correcting others are often hated.Want to be more peaceful and loving? Practise allowing others the joy of being right. Stop correcting. As hard as it may be to change this habit， it's worth any effort and practice it takes. When someone says，"No，it's more important to. . ." simply let? it go and allow their points of view to stand. The people in your life will become less defensive and more loving. Starting today， let others be "right"，most of the time!
1Which of the following points of view belongs to the author? 【 A 】
A: Defending our points of view takes a great deal of time and energy.
B: Needing to be right doesn't mean needing someone else to be wrong. C: Proving oneself to be right is? not equal to proving others to be wrong. D: Pointing out others are wrong is not pointing out we are right
2According to the text，many people believe 【 A 】
A: It's their job to correct others
B: others will value their own mistakes highly C: others will have a high opinion of themselves D: they can learn something from others
3What point of view has the author expressed in Paragraph ? 【 B 】
A: People who have been corrected are thankful.
B: Nobody likes to be corrected.
C: Nobody wants his positions to be respected.
D: Few people desire to be listened to and heard
4The author teaches us to 【 C 】
A: give others the joy of being corrected
B: tell others to stop correcting
C: allow others' point of view to stand
D: let others stand
Electric cars have bothadvantages and disadvantages. The advantages first. You won't have to buy any gasoline(汽油) -or you'll buy less of it. A pure electric car can go 73 miles between charges and will use about $2. 64 worth of electricity to travel the distance. A car that uses gasoline at 25 m. p. g. would use $8. 76 worth of gasoline at $3 a gallon (加仑) to travel the same distance. An electric car with a gasoline engine offers comparable(比较的) savings if you go no farther han the car's electric-power range( 行 驶 里 程 ) of 35 miles. Travel more miles before a recharge， and you'll burn some gasoline. Other electric-car advantages: Electric cars are very quiet to drive. Pure electric cars have low- maintenance(保养) costs. And both pure electric cars and electric cars with gasoline engines qualify for a number of financial incentives(鼓励) from government. Now for the disadvantages. You may not always drive so far as you expect. You have to recharge your electric car from time to time. And recharging times can be very long. What's more，a charger can cost around $2，000. Finally，there are questions about the cars' resale values and battery's life span(寿命)― questions that only time will solve.Whether an electric car is right for you is a matter of social conscience(意识).It isn't easy being an early user of new technology.
1How many kinds of electric cars are there? 【 B 】
A: One B: Two C: Three D: Many
2If you use an electric car instead of a car that uses gasoline， you . 【 D 】
A: don't have to buy any gasoline at all
B: have to buy expensive electricity
C: will use more worth of electricity to travel the same distance
D: can save a lot of money to travel the same distance
3Other advantages of electric cars are . 【 D 】
A: quietness in driving
B: low maintenance costs
C: qualifying for financial incentives from government
D: all the above
4One of the disadvantages of electric cars is . 【 A 】
A: you can't drive so far as you want
B: recharging times are not long
C: chargers are very cheap
D: resale values are very high
The physicians in a hospital form the center of medical staff. But they could not provide effective medi-cal care to their patients without the help of numerous other medical employees. From the viewpoint of the patients, the nursing staff is particularly important. Nurses are usually in close contact with patients as long as they are in the hospital. A nurse does not study for as many years as a doctor. However, each must be equally dedicated. Ca-ring for sick persons requires a great deal of patience and concern. Most nurses work long days, and they of-ten must work at odd hours or during the night. Under the supervision( 监 管 ) of the head nurse , the nursing staff must provide nursing services on a 24-hour basis and attend to patients’ needs. This responsibility continues around the clock, and so nurses must work in shifts. A shift is a period of duty, usually eight in length. The nurses on the ward rotate their shifts. Some take turns working night duty; others work odd shifts . A nurse must always be alert. She can never afford to be careless. This is true in all nursing situation, but it is especially true in the intensive care unit. Patients under intensive care are critically ill, and they must be monitored at all times. The nurses who do intensive care duty have one of the most demanding jobs in the hospital. Serving as a nurse can be a very rewarding job. But it is not an easy one. Not very person is suited to become a nurse. Only very dedicated people have chosen nursing as a profession.
1The nursing staff _. 【 B 】
A: are central to the medical staff
B: play an important role in caring for patients
C: can work effectively without physicians
D: are always in close contact with the patients
2Nurses work in shifts because _. 【 B 】
A: they are careless
B: nursing services must be provided continuously.
C: they work at night from time to time
D: a shift is usually eight hours long
3What kind of person is suited to become a nurse? 【 C 】
A: A very careful person.
B: An able person
C: A very dedicated person.
D: A specially trained person
Without proper training，dogs will behave like wild animals. They will soil your house， destroy your be- longings，fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. One of the best things you can do for your
dog and yourself is to train it. Obedience training(驯服) doesn't solve all behavior problems，but it's the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training opens us a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do.Training is also an easy way to establish the social order. When your dog obeys a simple request of "Come here，sit"，it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the dog pack( 群 ) by using extreme measures. You can teach your dog its subordinate (从属的) role by teaching it to show obedience to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to accept that you are in charge.Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal.
1The primary purpose of obedience training is to . 【 B 】
A: enable the dog to regain its normal behavior B: make the dog aware of its owner's authority C: teach the dog to perform tricks
D: teach the dog to serve its owner
2Effective communication between a dog and its owner is . 【 D 】
A: an extreme measure in obedience training. B: a good way to teach the dog new tricks C: the foundation for dogs to perform tasks
D: essential to solve the dog's behavior problems
3When a dog has received effective obedience training，which of the following is true? . 【 B 】
A: Its owner will enjoy a family life.
B: Its owner can give the dog more freedom.
C: Its owner can give the dog more rewards.
D: Its owner will have more confidence in himself.
Our extended family went to the beach every summer. We had a few favorite spots. Sometimes we would bring our tents and camp at a campground. Other times we would treat ourselves to a fancy hotel. This year, we got to use a friend's beach house. They offered it as a way to congratulate my mom and dad on their fifteenth wedding anniversary. I loved to go to the shore and! , pick up shells among the pebbles (小鹅卵石). The best time to do this was during low tide ( 潮 汐 ). The waves would wash up on shore and leave many things to discover. I was always excited about, beach because I never knew what pretty thing 1'd find. My cousin and I headed out early on the first morning. We walked along the shore in front of the beach house. It was so quiet and peaceful. There was no one to be seen for miles at this hour. We could hear only the abrupt crash of the waves. As I looked on the beach, I found several things. I saw a dead shrimp (虾), a large conch shell (贝壳), and even a sock without its
mate. It made me wonder what the unknown story was behind it. I asked my cousin, “Who do you suppose lost a sock?” “I wonder,” he replied, engaging in conversation. “Perhaps it was someone who wanted to protect their feet. Maybe they wore their socks into the water!” “Maybe.” I replied “Or perhaps they were sailing and hung their feet over the edge while the driver hoisted (升起) the sail.”
1Which of the following expresses an opinion in this story? 【 A 】
A: The cousins were on the beach early in the morning
B: There was no one for miles.
C: The water was cold
D: There was a boat on the water.
2This year their friends gave them the beach house for them to use as a way to . 【 B 】
A: help the parents
B: congratulate the parents
C: welcome the parents
D: bribe (贿赂) the parents
3In the writer's opinion the best time to pick up shells was . 【 A 】
A: during low tide B: during high tide C: at sunset
D: at sunrise
4According to the writer who might be the owner of the sock? 【 D 】
A: Someone who wore their socks into the water in order to protect their feet.
B: Someone who stole a sock and put it into the water.
C: Someone who sailed and hung their feet over the edge.
D: Both A and C.
5On the beach, the writer found . 【 D 】
A: only a dead shrimp B: only a large shell C: a sock
D: all the above
Shakespeare, more perhaps than any other writer, made full use of the greatest resources of the English Language. Most of us use about five thousand words in our normal employment of English; Shakespeare in his works used about twenty five thousand! There is probably no better way for a foreigner to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which shakespeare uses it. Such a study is well worth the effort, even though some aspects of English usage, and the meaning of many words, have changed since Shakespeare's day. However, it is surprising that we should know comparatively little about the life of the
greatest English author. We know that Shakespeare was born in 1564 in Strat for don Avon, and that he died there in 1616. He almost certainly attended the Grammar School in the town, but of this we cannot be sure. We know he was married there in 1582 to Anne Hathaway and that he and three children. We know that he spent much of his life in London writing his masterpieces (作品). But this is almost all that we do know. However, what is important about Shakespeare's life is not its incidental details but its products, I the plays and the poems. For many years scholars have been trying to add a few facts about Shakespeare's life to the small number we already possess and for an equally long time critics(批评) have been theorizing (使理论化) about the plays. Sometimes, indeed, it seems that the poetry of Shakespeare will disappear under the great mass of comment that has been written upon it. Fortunately this is not likely to happen. Shakespeare's people have long delighted not just the English but lovers of literature ( 文 学 ) everywhere, and will continue to do so after the scholars and critics and all their works have been forgotten.
1This passage is about 【 D 】
A: the great length of each chapter
B: the great varieties in writing styles
C: the richness of the content in Shakespears’s works
D: the rich English language used by Shakespeare in his works
2According to the writer, which of the following remains uncertain about Shakespeare? 【 C 】
A: His date of birth.
B: His marriage
C: His life in the Grammar School.
D: His date of death.
3It can be inferred from Para 3 that . 【 A 】
A: not all the comments on Shakespeare’s works have produced good effects
B: scholars have successfully collected facts about Shakespeare’s life
C: critics are more interested in Shakespeare’s plays than his poetry
D: the details of Shakespeare’s life are more important than his literary works
4What does the last sentence in Pars 3 mean? 【 B 】
A: People don’t think the poetry of Shakespeare good any more.
B: People pay more attention to the comment than the poetry of Shakespeare.
C: People can’t see the poetry of Shakespeare any more
D: The comment is printed upon the poetry of Shakespeare.
5“Shakespeare’s people” in Para 4 refers to . 【 A 】
A: the characters in Shakespeare’s products B: the people whose native language is English C: the people living in Shakespeare’s day
D: the readers of Shakespeare’s works
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