七、不定式的完成式、进行式和完成进行式:这三类在考研题中出现的频率很高,要特别注意不定式的这三种形式
1. 如果不定式所表示的动作与主要谓语所表示的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生或发生在主要谓语之后,那么用不定式的一般形式
He received a warm welcome from the Australians and from his family who had flown there to meet him.
In 1967, he arrived back in England, where a quarter of a million people were waiting to welcome him.
After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured just as you chose to look at it.
Now suddenly she began to sob, holding herself in as if weeping were a disgrace.
2. 如果不定式所表示的动作(状态)发生在主要谓语动词或特定的某时间之前,那么不定式就要用其完成式
She feels relaxed to have finished writing her thesis before the deadline.
33) The Vikings are believed America.
[A] to have discovered[B] in discovering[C] to discover[D] to have been discovered
34) The students were to at the auditorium before 1:30 pm, but the lecture was cancelled at the last minute.
[A] assembled [B] have assembled [C] assembling [D] be assembled
35) He was to the new ambassador, but he fell ill.
[A] having telephoned[B] have telephoned[C] has telephoned[D] telephoning
3. 不定式进行式表示主要谓语动词所表示的动作(情况)发生时,不定式所表示的动作正在发生
When he came in, I happened to be doing my experiment in the lab.
Why do you stand here? You are supposed to be working in the workshop.
4. 不定式完成进行式表示其动词所代表的动作,在主要谓语动词所代表的动作之前一直在进行
The students from the Department of Sociology are said to have been investigating the possibility of producing the new product.
They are quite happy to have been cooperating harmoniously with us till now.
八、不定式的被动形式
当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时,这个不定式要用被动式,包括它的一般式和完成式
36) Here we found little snow, as most of it seemed blown off the mountain.
[A]to have been[B]to be[C]that it was[D]that it had been
37) For twelve years, Spanish censorship did not allow Lorca's name or his works .
[A] to mention; to be published[B] to be mentioned; to publish
[C] being mentioned; being published[D] to be mentioned; to be published
38) There is,it seems [A] , no [B] limit to the satisfaction to be finding [C] in the pursuit of knowledge [D] .
九、不定式的否定形式:否定形式是在不定式的标志to前边加not
39) that new information to anyone else but the sergeant.
[A] They asked him not to give[B] They asked him to don't give
[C] They asked him no give[D] They asked him to no give
40) Please remember lights on in the future.
[A] don't leave [B] not to leave [C] not leaving [D] don't to leave
41) The teacher told [A] the students to don't [B] discuss [C] the takehome exam with each other [D] .
十、介词except和but(作“只有……,只能……”讲时)跟不定式结构(but与不带to的不定式连用)
He seldom goes back home except to ask for money from his parents.
He did nothing there except watch TV for the whole night.(不带to的不定式)
I had no choice but to stay in bed.
Last night I did nothing but prepare my lessons.
42) Lots of empty bottles were found under the old man's bed.He must have done nothing but .
[A] drink[B] to drink[C] drinking[D] drunk
43) When the streets are full of [A] melting [B] snow, you cannot help but getting [C] your shoes wet [D] .
十一、例题解析
1) A错。 改为To derive.
2) A为正确答案。
3) C为正确答案。
4) B错。改为to concentrate.
5) A为正确答案。
6) C为正确答案。“to be known”后通常接不定式,与此类似的尚有“to be said”等。
7) B错。改为to land.因为manage后只能跟带to的不定式作宾语。
8) D为正确答案。
9) C为正确答案。因为know须接带特殊疑问词的动词不定式。
10) C为正确答案。
11) A错。改为to provide,根据平行原则,A处和“to allow…”是并列的表语,故A处也应用不定式。
12) B错。改为to negociate.
13) A对。不定式短语“to bring…characters”充当宾语“the artist”的定语。“allow sb.to do sth.”是固定搭配,还有类似的其他动词。这句话的意思是:在动画片摄制过程中,影片的灵活性能使艺术家充分施展其想象力。
14) D为正确答案。名词“ability”(能力) 后要接不定式,表示哪一方面的能力。
15) B错。改为“controlling”,此处的“to control”与“trouble”并没有这层关系。
16) A为正确答案。17) C为正确答案。18) C为正确答案。19) D错。改为to do.20) D为正确答案。
21) C为正确答案。22) B为正确答案。23) C为正确答案。24) D为正确答案。25) B错。改为“be detected”。
26) A为正确答案。27) A为正确答案。28) C为正确答案。29) B为正确答案。30) A为正确答案。
31) C错。改为pile up.32) C为正确答案。33) A为正确答案。34) B为正确答案。35) B为正确答案。
36) A为正确答案。37) D为正确答案。
38) C错。本句不定式所表示的动作“发现”(find) 逻辑上的主语为“满足”(satisfaction), 而“满足”只能被“发现”,故C应改为ED分词“found”,“to be found”为不定式被动态。
39) A为正确答案。
40) B为正确答案。
41) B错。改为not to.
42) A为正确答案。
43) C错。改为get.如果去掉C前的“but”, 本句应为: When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help getting your shoes wet.
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