在中国各种不同的传统民居中,四合院(quadrangle)是最典型和最具代表性的一种建筑。其不论规模大小,都由四面房屋及其围合的庭院组成。坐北朝南的房屋称为正房(main house),东西两边的称为厢房(side house),南房称为倒座房(reversely-set house)。贵族或富有人家往往还有走廊把正房和厢房连接起来。四合院里的生活从容、宁静,却又其乐融融。四合院一定程度上体现着社会的等级(hierachical)秩序和家庭的尊卑观念。四合院历史悠久,蕴含着深刻的文内涵(connotation),是中国传统文化的载体。
Quadrangle
The quadrangle is the most typical and representative building among various traditional Chinese residences. Quadrangles, large or small, consist of courtyards surrounded by houses along their four sides. The house on the north facing the south is called the main house or principal house, the house lies on the east or west sides is called the side house or wing house and the one stands on the south is called the reversely-set house. The main house and the side houses of the nobles or the rich are often connected together by corridors. Life in a quadrangle is calm and quiet, but not without joy and harmony. The quadrangle reflects to some extent the hierarchical order of the society and the concept of superiority and inferiority in the family. The time-honored quadrangle is a carrier of Chinese traditional culture with profound cultural connotations.