2011六级改错指导：具体解题方法分析_第2页

　接着我们来看因果关系型的细节题。此类细节题所考查的对象是文中的因果关系。提问多用why问句的形式，并且该问题的答案一般在文章中是可以直接找到的。我们先来看1998年6月的s2题：Why ale newspapers considered as an important medium according to the passage?文章的第一段第四句中写道：…with newspapers a close second．at least as a source of news and other information．在这句话中，直接谈到了newspaper的作用，即是重要的新闻和其他信息的来源。用英文表达就是because they are a source of news and information.再看1998年1月的S2题：Why was it easy for boats to tumble over in the Colorado?在文中有两处关键的话，即：…all of us naturally set aside any pretenses and put out backs into ever stroke to keep the boat from tumbling over，…working together to cope with the unpredictable twists and turns of the river．前一句话暗示出小船极易”tumble over”，后一句话表明河流有”the unpredictable twists and turns“，综合这两句话我们可以知道答案应为because of the wilder rapids。

　　解决因果关系类的细节题，要注意在文中出现的表示因果关系的词汇。通常表示原因的词汇有for that reason， for，as，because，since，as a result of，owing to，thanks to等，表示结果的词汇有as a result，therefore，consequently，thus， accordingly, so。在阅读时要特别注意这些词后面的内容，它们通常就会是因果关系类题所考查的内容。在答案的组织上，一般使用because开头的句子或because of开头的短语来回答。

　　然后我们来分析举例型的题目。下面请看1998年6月的S3题：For one reason or another，people’s exposure to the media is often_______．在审题时，应当注意题目中的“for one reason or another”，这表明要填的内容应当具有概括性，也就是各种原因导致的结果。文中第二段首句就突出了主题：There are various factors that can cause you to expose yourself to the media selectively，…然后指出原因：…is probably due to the psychological pressure…However，…but to other factors, such as…在做题时，应紧紧扣住selective这一点来组织答案，也就是说，在答案中一定要体现selective或者与其意思相同的语句。我们再举一个例子，1998年1月S4题：What caused the sharp conflict in the GM plant in the late 1970s?此题的答案需要从文中所举例子前后经过的描述中才能概括出来。文中用For example道出事情经过：For example，in the late 1970s a General Motor plant in Fremont． Calif，was the scene of constant warfare between labor and man-agement．Distrust ran so high that the labor contract was hundreds of pages of tricky legal temm．在这段叙述中，“distrust”是一个关键词。此外，上一段“the teamwork is the key to making dreams come true”也很重要，归纳答案时也应该考虑。经过概括，我们就可以得出答案：Distrust and lack of teamwork．

　　举例型题目，解决的关键是将文章中所列举的比较分散的与问题有关的语句加以概括。在解题时应该注意，所总结的答案的覆盖面一定要足够包容或者代表文章中与此有关的语句。

　　最后我们来分析对照型的题目。我们看1999年1月的S5题：Developing children’s self-confidence helps bring them up to be _______．此题答案在短文最后一句能直接找到：Giving children the opportunity to develop new resources．to enlarge their horizons and discover the pleasures of doing things on their own is，on the other hand, a way to help children develop a confident feeling about themselves as capable and interesting people．句中on the other hand表示对照，暗示出与前面相反的结果。答案可以总结为：capable and interesting people。

　　再看同一张卷子的S4题：When parents show constant disappointment in their children。the destructive effect is that the children will________．文中有关这个问题的表述为：

　　Such disappointment, however, is not only unjust, it is also destructive. Sensing their parent’s disappointment, children come to believe that they are, indeed, lacking something, and that this makes them less worthy of admiration and respect. 首先要注意 however这个词，通过它的转折我们可以知道其后面的destructive是一个关键词。然后在后一句中寻找解释为什么 destructive的语句，那就是make them less worthy of admiration and respect，从而，答案就可以总结为think themselves not worthy of admiration and respect。

　　这种题型的特点是，答案在文中是以与其他事物进行对比或比较的形式出现的。在解决它们的时候，要注意严格审题，切勿混淆了对比的两个方面。此外，对于一些表示对比和比较的词语要特别关注，例如however，nevertheless，in contrast。on the other hand，but，yet，while和likewise，in the same way ,as if ,as等等，在它们的附近往往可以找到答案的原材料。