情态动词--ought
ought
ought只有一种形式,后面须跟带to的动词不定式。Ought表示"有义务或必要"做某件事,还可表示"劝告"。如:.
You ought to follow the old man's advice.你应当听那位老人的话。
You oughtn't to smoke so much.你不应当抽烟太多。
You ought to go to the clinic at once. You don't look well.你脸色不好,应该马上到医务室去。
[注]ought表示"应该",语气比should 强。
ought后加动词不定式的完成式时
指过去的动作。如用肯定形式(ought to have done),表示某一件事该做而未做,相当于should have done。如用否定形式(ought not to have done),则表示一件不该做的事情发生了,相当于should not have done。如:
He ought to have done the exercise more carefully.这个练习他应当作得更细心一些。
I ought to have returned these books to the library last week. 我上星期就应当把这些书还给图书馆。
You ought not to have been so rude.你不该这样粗鲁。
You ought not to have taken his skates without asking him.你不该没有得到他的许可就把他的冰鞋拿走。
[英语语法手册]情态动词--dare
dare (敢)
的用法和其他动词有所不同。dare用于否定句或疑问句中时,其用法和其他情态动词一样,即dare本身无变化,后面所跟的动词不定式不带to。如:
They dare not tell the truth.他们不敢说真话。
Dare he admit his mistake? 他敢于承认错误吗?
He dared say no more。他不敢再说了。
但是dare用在肯定结构中时,后面的动词不定式可加to。如:
Young people should dare to think,dare to speak and dare to act.青年人要敢想、敢说、敢干。
[注一]在否定句或疑问句中,dare也可用作实义动词,用助动词do来帮助,后面的动词不定式可带to。如:
Do they dare to do it? 他们敢做这事吗?
The enemy did not dare to come out after dark.敌人夜间不敢出来。
[注二]注意下面将两种不同动词揉合在一起的说法。如:
I didn't dale come.我不敢来。
Who dares stop me? 谁敢阻拦我?