现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较
1)现在完成时所表示的动作,到现在为止已经完成;现在完成进行时往往表示动作仍然继续下去。如:
I have been reading Lu Xun this week.本周我一直在读鲁迅的著作。(我仍然在读。)
I have read A Madman is Diary this week.我本周读了《狂人日记》。(我本周开始读而且已经读完它了。)
I have read The story of Ah Q before.我以前读过《阿Q正传》。(过去经历)
2)现在完成时强调动作的最后结果;现在完成进行时则强调动作的直接结果。如:
Now we have cleaned the room,we can move the things in.房间已打扫过了,我们可以把东西搬进去了。(强调最终结果)You look so tired. What have you been doing? 你看来很累的样子,你干什么来着?(强调直接结果)
过去完成进行时(past perfect continuous tense)
1)过去完成进行时的形式一律为had been + 现在分词,无人称和数的区别。
2)过去完成进行时的用法 过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始并延续到过去这个时间,这一动作可能还在进行,也可能已经停止。如:
He told me that he had been waiting for me for two hours.他对我说他等了我两小时。(动作不再延续)
The baby had been crying for fifteen minutes when her mother came in.妈妈进来时,婴儿一直哭了十五分钟。(动作可能还在进行)
It seemed to her that the boys had been shouting for a long time.她似乎觉得这些男孩一直叫喊了很久。(动作可能还在进行)
The teacher had been teaching for forty years by the time he retired,这位教师退休前一直教了四十年的书。(动作不再进行)
[英语语法手册]何谓"时态的一致"
定义
某些从句(主要是宾语从句)中谓语动词的时态,常常受主句中谓语动词时态的影响,这叫做时态的一致(sequence of tenses)。
主句中的谓语动词如为现在或将来时态时
从句中的谓语动词可以用任何所需要的时态。如:
He says his father is (was,will be)an engineer.他说他父亲是(过去是,将来要做)一个工程师。
Can you tell me when you finished (will finish) the work? 你可否告诉我你什么时候完成的(会完成)这项工作?
主句中的谓语动词如为过去时态时
从句中的谓语动词一般须用过去时态。这又可分为下面三种情况:
1)如果从句里的谓语动词所表示的动作与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,从句须用过去一般时或过去进行时。如:
He told me he was unwell.他告诉我他不大舒服。
She said her brother was reading a magazine at the moment. 她说她弟弟正在读一本杂志。
2)如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句的谓语动词所表示的动作之前,从句须用过去完成时。如:
He said he had posted the letter.他说他已经把信发了。
Our teacher told us he had been to lndia.我们老师说他到过印度。
3)如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作在主句的谓语动词所表示的动作之后,从句的谓语动词须用过去将来时态。如:
They did not know when they would go to the Great Wall. 他们不知道什么时候去参观长城。
He said he was going to be an actor after leaving school.他说他毕业后要当演员。