[英语语法手册]代词
定义 代词(pronoun)是代替名词的词:
代词在句子中的功用
a)和名词一样,可作主语、宾语和表语。b)有些代词和形容词一样,可作定语。如:
a) I am reading The Arabian Nights.我在读《天方夜谭》。(作主语)
This is John Smith speaking.(打电话用语)我是约翰·史密斯。(作主语)
Can I help you?我能帮你的忙吗?(作宾语)
That's all.我的话完了。(作表语)
b)His father is an eye-doctor.他父亲是个眼科医生。(作定语)
All men are equal.所有的人都是平等的。(作定语)
3)格的变化 有些代词有格的变化,如 I 我(主格),me我(宾格),Who谁(主格),whom谁(宾格)。某些代词有所有格,如whose谁的,other's别人的,somebody's某人的,one's一个人的。
4)单复数形式 有些代词有单数和复数形式。少数代词的复数形式和名词的复数形式的变化规则相同,如one-ones,other-others。其他如人称代词、物主代词、自身代词和指示代词等,其复数形式与此不同,须个别记忆。
5)有或没有冠词 代词之前一般不用冠词,只有少数例外。如:the other,the others,a few,a little等。
种类
英语有下列几种代词:
1)人称代词(personal pronoun)
a)主格:I,he,she,it,we,you,they.
b)宾格:me,him,her,it,us,you,them.
2)物主代词(possessive pronoun):
a)形容词性物主代词:my,his,her,its;our,your,their.
b)名词性物主代词:mine,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs.
3)自身代词(self-pronoun):myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,oneself.
4)相互代词(reciprocal pronoun):each other,one another.
5)指示代词(demonstrative pronoun):this,that,these,those,such,same.
6)疑问代词(interrogative pronoun):who,whom,whose,which,what.
7)关系代词(relative pronoun):who,whom,whose,which,that.
8)不定代词(indefinite pronoun):some,something,somebody,someone,any,anything,anybody,anyone,no,nothing,nobody,no one,every,everything,everybody,everyone,each,much,many,little,a little,few,a few,other,another,all,none,one,both,either,neither.