2019年英语四级翻译习题库：空气质量

　　7月底，中国环境保护部(China's Environment Protection Ministry)发布了今年上半年空气质量状况报告。报告称，除了拉萨(Lhasa)、海口、舟山和惠州四个城市，我国其他主要大城市的空气质量均未达标。造成这一结果的原因有很多，其中包括不断增长的机动车数量和工业品产量。空气污染状况的不断恶化严重威胁公众的健康。一位官员表示，一份旨在控制空气污染的方案将在年内公布。

　　1.第1句中的定语“今年上半年空气质量状况”较长，故将其处理成后置定语，用介词短语on air quality in the first half of this year来表达，汉语中表示范畴的“状况”一词按英文表达习惯可以省译。

　　2.第2句中的“我国其他主要大城市的空气质量均未达标”如果逐字对译则语句生硬，表达效果平平。翻译时， 宜采用“否定前移”的方法，对主语“我国其他大城市”进行否定，谓语则变为肯定，译为no other major city...is up to...。

　　3.第3句“造成这一结果的原因有很多，其中包括……”可直译为many reasons lead to the consequence, including...，但为了突出原文中的两个原因，可将原因置于句首，译作growing motor vehicles...area among...factors contributing to the consequence。

　　4.最后—句中的定语“旨在控制空气污染的”表目的，故用不定式短语to contro1 air Pollution来表达。

　　参考答案：

　　At the end of July, China's Environment Protection Ministry released/posted/announced a report

　　on air quality in the first half of this year. the latter/second half of the year According to the report, except four cities, namely Lhasa, Haikou, Zhoushan and Huizhou, no other major city in the country is up to the standard of air quality. Growing motor vehicles and industrial output/products are among a variety of factors contributing to this consequence. Worsening air pollution composes a serious threat to the health of the public. An official said a scheme/plan to control air pollution would be published within the year.

　　由于中国北方重度雾霾(heavy smog)持续不散，公众越发关注空气污染问题。一些网民(netizen)甚至对污染的程度表达了愤怒情绪。治理空气污染迫在眉睫。中国多个城市实行汽车限购，希望此举一方面能缓解交通拥堵，一方面能控制空气污染。中国政府准备推出一个长期计划来控制导致严重污染的行业。政府也将额外支出60亿元人民币来改善北方地区的空气质量。

　　1.在第1句中，“公众”表达为the public，做主语时，谓语动词用单、复数都可以;作为一个整体，谓语动词用单数;强调每一个具体成员，谓讲动词用复数。“由于中国北方……”表原因，故处理成愿意状语从句，译作Since due to the lasting/lingering heavy smog stays continually in northern China, 地点状语“中国北方”置于句末。

　　2.第8句中的“……迫在眉睫”套用句it is extremely urgent to do...来表达。主语“治理空气污染”用不定式来表达目的，译作to control air pollution。

　　3.第4句中的“希望此举一方面能……，一方面能……”处理为主句“中国多个城市已经限制购车”(Many Chinese cities have imposed limits on car

　　purchases)的伴随动作，用现在分词短语 hoping to ease... and meanwhile control...来表达，使译文流畅、衔接紧密。

　　4.倒数第2句中的“来控制导致严重污染的行业”为目的状语，用动词不定式短语来表达to control industries...，其中定语“导致严重污染的”较长，故将其处理成定语从句，译作which cause heavy pollution，置于被修饰语industries之后。

　　Since heavy smog stays continually in northern China, the public is increasingly concerned about air pollution, Some netizens even express their anger over the pollution levels. It's extremely urgent to control air pollution. Many Chinese cities have imposed limits on car purchases, hoping to ease/relieve the traffic jam, and meanwhile control air pollution. The Chinese government is launching a long-term plan to control industries which cause heavy pollution. It is also spending an additional six billion yuan on the improvement of air quality in the northern region.