2016年下半年英语四级阅读理解习题及答案4

　　A

　　I recently spent two years in the Arctic filming the series Blue Planet. I love being in an environment that hasn't changed for 20,000 years. Of course it's freezing, but it must be a healthy place because you never catch colds.

　　When I'm filming, I like to really feel how lonely the environment is. Filming underwater involves cutting through thick ice and diving in tied to a line. The person at the other end has to be ready to pull you out fast if necessary.

　　Originally I was a research diver for the British Antarctic Survey project, but for me science lacked excitement. I'd always enjoyed photography, and whenever camera teams passed through, they encouraged me to watch and learn. I was then able to move into filming in 1985 and have concentrated on Arctic and Antarctic wildlife ever since.

　　I prefer to be faced with the animals I'm filming. I haven't got in the water with killer whales yet, but I plan to. Of course, it's dangerous if you choose the wrong moment. They're big animals and can move fast, so I'd be stupid to film them searching for food!

　　I've never had problems with polar bears, although once I was frightened when one tried to get into my tent. Polar bears are bold, clever and dangerous. But I made this one see I wasn't about to attack it - I'm sure it realised I wouldn't hurt it.

　　When I come home back from my trips, I work in the mornings and spend the afternoons swimming to keep fit. Now I'm fifty, filming is harder. The challenge for me is to continue to deliver high-quality work.

　　56. In this text, the writer is describing __________.

　　A. the challenges of the environment he works in B. the beautiful scenery of the Arctic

　　C. the career opportunities in TV camera work. 　　D. the difficulties of having to work alone

　　57. What does the writer say about his early career?

　　A. He was bored by working only in Antarctic.

　　B. It taught him how to become a skilled diver.

　　C. He wasted the years he spent as a scientist.

　　D. It provided him with a chance to learn about filming.

　　58. When talking about killer whales, the writer says that __________.

　　A. he has always been careful when diving with them

　　B. he tries to avoid any danger by facing them

　　C. he will only film them from a safe distance

　　D. he believes there are safe opportunities to film them

　　59. How does the writer describe his experience with a polar bear?

　　A. The writer realized he was wrong to trust polar bears.

　　B. The writer felt nervous that the bear might come back.

　　C. The bear seemed to know the writer wasn’t a danger.

　　D. The animal was much more afraid than the writer was.

　　B

　　People tend to become more personal and hide less of themselves when using email. Researchers from Open University in Britain have found in a recent study that there are good reasons for this.

　　The team of researchers asked 83 pairs of students, all strangers to each other, to solve a problem. They had to discuss this question: If only five people in the world could be saved from a world disaster, who should they be? The pairs of students had to talk over the problem either face to face or by computers. Dr. Johnson said, “They told their partners four times as much about themselves when they talked over the Internet as when they talked face to face. When the computers were fitted with cameras so that students could see each other, this limited the personal side of the conversation.”

　　Generally the information was not extremely personal. It was mainly about things such as where they went to school, or where they used to live. But some students discussed their love stories, and personal childhood experiences.

　　Dr Johnson believes that emailing encourages people to focus on themselves. And when they do this, they become more open, especially if there are no cameras. “If you cannot see the other person, it becomes easier to talk about yourself. This is because you are not thinking what the other person is thinking of you. So emailing has become the modern way of talking,” said Dr. Johnson. However, this style of talking is not entirely new. “In the 19th century people started to use the ‘telegraph’ to communicate. Now the same kind of thing has happened and people ended up speaking more freely.”

　　Dr. Johnson thinks that emailers need to know about these effects of emailing, especially when they start work in a company. “ If you don’t know about it, you could find yourself saying more about yourself than you wanted to.”

　　60. The subject discussed in this passage is _______.

　　A. how people open up when emailing B. how people do research studies

　　C. how to communicate at work D. how to discuss and solve a problem

　　61. The reason that some couples talked freely about themselves is that _______.

　　A. they didn’t talk about very personal things 　　B. they couldn’t see each other

　　C. the cameras on the computers were turned on 　　D. they had to discuss a question

　　62. What does the underlined sentence refer to?

　　A. The telegraph. B. The computer. C. Emailing. D. Face-to-face talk.

　　63. In the writer’s opinion, one should ______.

　　A. focus on oneself when emailing B. talk more freely in emails than usual

　　C. discuss any subject that one wants to D. consider how one uses email at work

　　C

　　In our culture, the sources of what we call a sense of “mastery” —feeling important and

　　worthwhile—and the sources of what we call a sense of “pleasure”—finding life enjoyable—are not always the same. Women often are told “You can’t have it all.” Sometimes what the speaker really is saying is: “You choose a career, so you can’t expect to have closer relationships or a happy family life.” or “You have a wonderful husband and children—what’s all this about wanting a career?” But women need to understand and develop both aspects of well-being, if they are to feel good about themselves.

　　Our study shows that, for women, well-being has two aspects. One is mastery, which includes self-respect, a sense of control over your life, and low levels of anxiety and depression. Mastery is closely related to the “doing” side of life, to work and activity. Pleasure is the other aspect, and it is made up of happiness, satisfaction and optimism. It is tied more closely to the “feeling” side of life. The two are independent of each other. A woman could be high in mastery and low in pleasure, and vice versa(反之亦然). For example, a woman who has a good job, but whose mother has just died, might be feeling very good about herself and in control of her work life, but the pleasure side could be damaged for a time.

　　The concepts of mastery and pleasure can help us identify the sources of well-being for women, and correct past mistakes. In the past, women were encouraged to look only at the feeling side of life as the source of all well-being. But we know that both mastery and pleasure are important. And mastery seems to be achieved largely through work. In our study, all the groups of employed women were valued significantly higher in mastery than women who were not employed.

　　A woman’s well-being is developed when she takes on multiple(多项的)roles. At least by middle adulthood, the women who were involved in a combination of roles—marriages, motherhood, and employment—were the highest in well-being, in spite of warnings about stress and strain.

　　64. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that ________.

　　A. for women, a sense of “mastery” is more important than a sense of “pleasure”

　　B. for women, a sense of “pleasure” is more important than a sense of “mastery”

　　C. women can’t have a sense of “mastery” and a sense of “pleasure” at the same time

　　D. a sense of “mastery” and a sense of “pleasure” are both necessary to women

　　65. The author’s attitude towards women having a career is________.

　　A. negative B. positive C. neutral(中立的) D. realistic

　　66. One can conclude from the passage that if a woman takes on several social roles,________.

　　A. it will be easier for her to overcome stress and strain

　　B. she will be more successful in her career

　　C. her chances of getting promoted will be greater

　　D. her life will be richer and more meaningful

　　67. Which of the following can be considered as a source of “pleasure” for women?

　　A. Family life B. Multiple roles in society

　　C. Regular employment D. Freedom from anxiety

　　D

　　Part I

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　　Part II

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