2015年最新英语四级考试真题与答案（一套）

　　Part One Listening Comprehension

　　Section A

　　Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)

　　Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

　　Design of all the new tools and implements is based on careful experiments with electronic instruments. First, a human “guinea pig” is tested using a regular tool. Measurements are taken of the amount of work done, and the buildup of heat in the body. Twisted joints and stretched muscles can not perform as well, it has been found, as joints and muscles in their normal positions. The same person is then tested again, using a tool designed according to the suggestions made by Dr. Tichauer. All these tests have shown the great improvement of the new designs over the old.

　　One of the electronic instruments used by Dr. Tichauer, the myograph (肌动记器), makes visible through electrical signals the work done by human muscle.

　　Another machine measures any dangerous features of tools, thus proving information upon which to base a new design. One conclusion of tests made with this machine is that a tripod stepladder is more stable and safer to use than one with four legs.

　　This work has attracted the attention of efficiency experts and time-and-motion-study engineer, but its value goes far beyond that. Dr. Tichauer’s first thought is for the health of the tool user. With the repeated use of the same tool all day long on production lines and in other jobs, even light manual work can put a heavy stress on one small area of the body. In time, such stress can cause a disabling disease. Furthermore, muscle fatigue is a serious safety hazard.

　　Efficiency is the by-product of comfort, Dr. Tichauer believes, and his new designs for traditional tools have proved his point.

　　21. What are involved in the design of a new tool according to the passage?

　　A) Electronic instruments and a regular tool.

　　B) A human “guinea pig” and a regular tool.

　　C) Electronic instruments and a human “guinea pig”.

　　D) Electronic instruments, a human “guinea pig” and a regular tool.

　　22. From the passage we know that joints and muscles perform best when __________________.

　　A) they are twisted and stretched

　　B) they are in their normal positions

　　C) they are tested with a human “guinea pig”

　　D) they are tested with electronic instruments

　　23. A “myograph” (Para. 2, Line 1) is an electronic instrument that ________________.

　　A) is able to design new tools

　　B) measures the amount of energy used

　　C) enable people to see the muscular movements

　　D) visualizes electrical signals

　　24. It can be inferred from the passage that ________________.

　　A) a stepladder used to have four legs.

　　B) it is dangerous to use tools

　　C) a tripod is safer in a tool design

　　D) workers are safer on production lines

　　25. Dr. Tichauer started his experiments initially to _________________.

　　A) improve efficiency

　　B) increase production

　　C) reduce work load

　　D) improve comfort

　　Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:

　　More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap big reward. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.

　　It’s easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.

　　Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it’s disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.

　　Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.

　　Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled (诈骗) the most confidential (保密)records right under the noses of the company’s executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.

　　26. It can be concluded from the passage that _______________.

　　A) it is still impossible to detect computer crimes today

　　B) people commit computer crimes at the request of their company

　　C) computer criminals escape punishment because they can’t be detected

　　D) computer crimes are the most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions

　　27. It is implied in the third paragraph that _________________.

　　A) most computer criminals who are caught blame their bad luck

　　B) the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problem

　　C) most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimes

　　D) many more computer crimes go undetected that are discovered

　　28. Which of the following statements is mentioned in the passage?

　　A) A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced

　　B) Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes to protect their reputation

　　C) Companies will guard against computer crimes to protect their reputation

　　D) Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information

　　29. What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught?

　　A) With a bad reputation they can hardly find another job.

　　B) They may walk away and easily find another job.

　　C) They will be denied access to confidential records

　　D) They must leave the country to go to jail.

　　30. The passage is mainly about _________________.

　　A) why computer criminals are often able to escape punishment

　　B) why computer crimes are difficult to detect by systematic inspections

　　C) how computer criminals mange to get good recommendations from their former employers

　　D) why computer crimes can’t be eliminated