2014年12月大学英语四级全真模拟冲刺（四套）_第8页

　　【听音指导】预览选项，可知选项A与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。本题与食物或烹饪有关。所以在听音过程中，如提及cooking或food，应多加注意，适时记录。

　　【正确项分析】 听音过程中听到此句I always cook a meal rather than have a take-away，即可知答案就在附近，接下来的一句To do something my brain will regard as creative中，出现了关键词creative，选项B与之相符，故选择B选项。

　　25. A) It is something inevitable. A) 是某种不可避免的事情。

　　B) It is frustrating sometimes. B) 有时候令人沮丧。

　　C) It takes patience to manage. C) 它需要耐心来管理。

　　D) It can be a good thing. D) 它可能是件好事。

　　【听音指导】本题是细节加评论题，关键要弄清楚各选项中it所指代的内容。本文出现频率最多的词是stress，可大胆推测，此题考查的是对stress的评述。本题又是此长对话的最后一题，答案应在听力对话的后两句。

　　【正确项分析】I do actually enjoy an element of uncertainty. 只要抓住此句中的一个关键词uncertainty，此题便可轻易而解，选项A正确。

　　【原文及译文】

　　W: So, why exactly does your job have a reputation for being stressful?

　　M: Stress is generally driven by the feeling of being out of control of a situation and the feeling of a situation controlling you. Trading in financial markets combines both.

　　W: How do you relax in the evening?

　　M: I very rarely do anything work-related so it’s easy to escape the markets. I generally go to the gym or go for a run, especially if I’ve had a bad day. I always cook a meal rather than have a take-away. To do something my brain would regard as creative.

　　W: Do you think what you do for relaxation is an effective way to beat stress?

　　M: I don’t think there is a specific rule about how to beat stress. I generally find out what I do is effective for me.

　　W: Would you consider changing your job because of the high stress factor?

　　M: I have considered leaving my job due to stress-related factors. However, I do think that an element of stress is a good thing, and if used the right way, it can actually be a positive thing.

　　W: What do you enjoy about the stressful aspects of your job?

　　M: Having said all that, I do actually enjoy an element of uncertainty. I enjoy a mental challenge. Trading generates a wide range of emotions second by second. How you deal with and manage those emotions dictates short, medium and long term trading performance and success.

　　23: What is the man’s job?

　　24: Why does the man prefer to cook a meal rather than have a take-away?

　　25: What does the man say about an element of stress in his job?

　　女士：那么，到底为什么你的工作以紧张出名呢?

　　男士：当人们束手无策或感觉被控制时，就会有压力感。金融市场上的交易正是这两者的结合。

　　女士：你晚上如何放松?

　　男士：我很少做与工作有关的事情，所以很容易逃脱市场。我通常去健身房或是出去跑步。尤其是在我感觉某天很糟糕的时候，更是如此。我总是做饭，而不是叫外卖。做点儿有创意的事。

　　女士：你认为你放松自己的方法对消除压力有效吗?

　　男士：消除压力没有特定的法宝。总的来说，我发现我所做的一切对我来说都是有效的。

　　女士：你是否因压力大而考虑换工作呢?

　　男士：因为压力的因素我曾考虑过离开我的工作。但是，我认为压力是一件好事。如果运用得当，压力实际上是有益的。

　　女士：你喜欢工作中的哪些压力?

　　男士：说了这么多，我的确喜欢不确定因素。我喜欢挑战。交易会在瞬间产生一系列大范围的情绪波动。你如何处理及管理这些情绪支配着中短期及长期交易业绩和成功。

　　23：男士的工作是什么?

　　24：为什么男士喜欢做饭，而不是叫外卖?

　　25：关于工作中的压力感，男士说了什么?

　　【词汇点拨】reputation n. 名声，名气;combine v. 合并;financial a. 金融的;take-away 外带食品;positive a. 积极的，有益的;uncertainty n. 不确定性

　　Section B

　　Passage One

　　篇章结构

　　本次四级听力篇章从内容难度上来讲，比2009年6月的更难。此篇文章属于天文类，讲的是除地球以外的星球上形成生命的可能性。曾经科学家们认为其他星球上存在生命的可能性不大，但是现在科学家在渐渐地定位那些有可能会形成生命的地方。文章对此举了一个例子，就是木星的一个卫星，叫木卫二。

　　词汇点拨

　　fascinated a. 着迷的;surface n. 表面;bacteria n 细菌;automatically ad. 自动地;probe n.探头，探针;evolution n. 进化

　　话题词汇

　　beneath prep. 在……之下 Jupiter n. 木星 　moon n. 卫星，月球 nitrogen n. 氮

　　planet n. 行星，星球 　volcanic activity 火山活动

　　难句解析

　　1. Since early times, people have been fascinated with the idea of life existing somewhere else besides earth.

　　【解析】since early times作时间状语，主句主语为people，谓语为be fascinated with，即“对……着迷”，着迷的对象是idea of life，existing somewhere else besides earth为现在分词作定语修饰名词life。

　　2. The probes have also made scientists think that under its surface Europa has a rocky core giving off volcanic heat.

　　【解析】本句主句部分谓语成分为make sb. do sth.，让某人做某事，that引出think的从句。从句的主语为Europa，giving off volcanic heat作定语修饰has的宾语a rocky core。

　　试题详解

　　26. A) There were no planets without moons. A) 除了卫星外没有行星。

　　B) There was no air or water on Jupiter. B) 在木星上没有空气或水。

　　C) Life was not possible in outer space. C) 在外空是没有生命的。

　　D)The mystery of life could not be resolved D) 生命的奥秘是不能解决的。

　　【听音指导】预览选项，可知本题考查细节事实题。鉴于此题位于本短文的第一题，答案应在最初几句中找到，具体的说，是在开头30秒。选项D与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。听音时关注no planets，no air or water还是no life。

　　【正确项分析】第一题问的是科学家曾经(once)相信什么事实?那么根据我们的理解，应该是他们认为外太空不可能存在生命。这个答案出现在原文的第二句，原文是Until recently, scientists believed that life on other planets was just a hopeful dream，意为科学家们认为在其他星球上存在生命只不过是个充满希望的梦。故选择C项。

　　27. A) It has a number of active volcanoes. A) 有很多活火山。

　　B) It has an atmosphere like the earth’s. B) 有像地球上的大气层。

　　C) It has a large ocean under its surface. C) 在它的表面有一个大海洋。

　　D) It has deep caves several miles long. D) 有几英里长的深洞穴。

　　【听音指导】通过选项即可确定本题为对于某一事物的细节描述题，所以首先要解决各选项中it所指的内容。由第一题选项可初步推测，本题很可能考查的是对一个星球的描述。

　　【正确项分析】问题为科学家在木卫二星球上找到什么，那么应该是Space probes have provided evidence that Europa has a large ocean under its surface，意为航空观测镜发现了星球表面下有个大的海洋。C选项与原文一模一样。

　　28. A) Light is not an essential element to it. A) 光不是必备因素。

　　B) Life can form in very hot temperatures. B) 生命在很热的温度下能够形成。

　　C) Every form of life undergoes evolution. C) 每种生命的形成都需要进化。

　　D) Oxygen is not needed for some life forms. D) 氧在生命形成过程中没有必要。

　　【听音指导】根据惯例，最后一个问题答案出现在篇章结束前三十秒左右，选项均涉及生命形成因素，分别为light，hot temperatures，evolution和oxygen，根据这些信息，可轻易在短文结束前找到答案。

　　【正确项分析】注意转折连词but前后，原文为Until recently, scientists thought that light was essential. But now, places have been found on earth that are in total blackness such as caves several miles beneath the ocean. And bacteria, primitive forms of life, have been seen there。意为科学家一直以为光是很重要的，但是现在他们发现完全黑暗的地方—比如几英里深的洞里，也有生命，即细菌。可见，光不是必备因素，选项A正确。

　　原文及译文

　　Since early times, people have been fascinated with the idea of life existing somewhere else besides earth. Until recently, scientists believed that life on other planets was just a hopeful dream. But now they are beginning to locate places where life could form. In 1997, they saw evidence of planets near other stars like the sun. But scientists now think that life could be even nearer in our own solar system. One planet scientists are studying very closely is Europa, a moon of Jupiter. Space probes have provided evidence that Europa has a large ocean under its surface. The probes have also made the scientists think that under its surface Europa has a rocky core giving off volcanic heat. Water and heat from volcanic activity are two basic conditions needed for life to form. A third is certain basic chemicals such as carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. Scientists believe there might be such chemicals lying at the bottom of Europa’s ocean. They may have already created life or may be about to. You may wonder if light is also needed for life to form. Until recently, scientists thought that light was essential. But now, places have been found on earth that are in total blackness such as caves several miles beneath the ocean. And bacteria, primitive forms of life have been seen there. So the lack of light in Europa’s sub-surface ocean doesn’t automatically rule out life forming.

　　26. What did scientists once believe according to the passage?

　　27. What have scientists found about Europa, a moon of Jupiter?

　　28. What have scientists come to know recently about the formation of life?

　　从很早以前，人们一直迷恋着地球以外的地方也存在生命的想法。直到近来，科学家们认为在其他星球上存在生命只不过是个充满希望的梦。但是，现在他们开始查找可能有生命的地方。1997年，科学家们在恒星附近，例如太阳，发现了行星的踪迹。科学家们现在认为生命可能我们更近，就在太阳系内。科学家们正密切关注的地方是木卫二，木星的一个卫星。太空探测器提供了证据表明木卫二表层之下有一个海洋。探测器也让科学家们认为木卫二表层有散发出火山热的岩石核心。火山活动的水和热量是生命形成的两个基本条件。第三个是一些基本的化学物质，如碳、氧和氮。科学家们认为在木卫二海洋底部可能存在这样的化学成分。他们可能已经创造了生命或即将产生生命。你可能在想光也是生命形成的必要条件。直到最近，科学家们仍认为光是不可或缺的。但现在已经在地球上发现，海洋几英里之下的黑暗的洞穴内有细菌，即原始生命形式的存在。所以不能排除缺乏光的木卫二地下海洋有生命形成的可能性。

　　26. 根据短文，科学家曾相信什么?

　　27. 科学家们发现关于木卫二的什么信息?

　　28. 最近，科学家就生命的形成了解到什么?

　　Passage Two

　　篇章结构

　　本篇讲述医生发现用纸记录下的东西比口语交流的信息更加准确和稳定。问题源自一位医生在对一个孩子的家庭口述交待了出院后的注意事项之后，发现这些亲属们竟然记不清到底医生讲了些什么，于是医生决定在以后交待注意事项的时候要把这些内容全印成纸质的东西，因为纸质的东西比口语更可靠。

　　词汇点拨

　　suffer v. 遭受;confusing a. 令人迷惑的;episode n. 插曲;version n. 版本;challenge v. 挑战

　　话题词汇

　　context n. 上下文 　physician n. 内科医生 　recover v. 恢复 　stability n. 稳定性

　　act out 表演出来 　emergency room 急诊室 　oral communication 口头交际

　　tailored to 定制的

　　难句解析

　　1. Also listening to her were a half a dozen other family members.

　　【解析】此句为倒装句，强调listening to her，主语为a half a dozen other family members。正常语序为：A half a dozen other family members were also listening to her.

　　2. All of them had heard the simple instructions I have given just a few hours before, but they have three or four different versions.

　　【解析】本句两分句由连词but连接，had heard为过去完成时，表示在家人问玛雅医生之前就发生了此动作。I have given just a few hours before做定语修饰the simple instructions，省略连接词that。

　　试题详解

　　29. A) Whether they should take the child home. A) 他们是否应该将孩子带回家。

　　B) What Dr. Mayer’s instructions exactly were. B) 玛雅医生的医嘱到底是什么。

　　C) Who should take care of the child at home. C) 谁在家照顾孩子。

　　D) When the child would completely recover. D) 什么时候这个孩子能完全恢复。

　　【听音指导】浏览四个选项，应注意到都为wh-开头的疑问词，且提到了医生和孩子，take care of 以及recover，可初步推测此题涉及的场景为医院，病人为孩子。

　　【正确项分析】问题为孩子的家人因为什么而争论，原文为the family asked her to settle an argument they’d been having over exactly what advice she had given，意为亲属们就医生到底讲过什么建议争论不休，问医生如何解决。选项B中的instructions与原文的advice同义，选项B正确。

　　30. A) She encourages them to ask questions when in doubt. A) 她鼓励他们拿不准时就提问题。

　　B) She makes them write down all her instructions. B) 她让他们记下她的医嘱。

　　C) She has them act out what they are to do at home. C) 她让他们把将在家里做的事情表演出来。

　　D) She asks them to repeat what are supposed to do. D) 她让他们复述要做的事。

　　【听音指导】由第一题的选项可很有把握地推测she指代的是Doctor Myer，而与医生相对的多半为病人。注意关键词ask question，write down，act out和repeat。

　　【正确项分析】玛雅医生如何确定病人完全明白了自己的建议呢?原文为She asks them to tell her what they think they are supposed to do，原文的 tell her与选项D中的关键词repeat一致，选项D为正确答案，

　　31. A) It lacks the stability of the printed word. A) 它缺乏印刷体的稳定性。

　　B) It contains many grammatical errors. B) 它包含许多语法错误。

　　C) It is heavily dependent on the context. C) 它十分依赖上下文语境。

　　D) It facilitates interpersonal communication. D) 它有助于人际交往。

　　【听音指导】本题为短文最后一题，应在文章最后出现。需要注意关键字stability，errors，context和communication。

　　【正确项分析】此题是典型的篇章问题考法。答案出现在结尾处，问题是作者对于人类口语交流 (human speech) 总结了什么。原文为human speech lacks the stability and permanence of the printed word，与选项A一致。

　　原文及译文

　　In her early days as an emergency room physician, Doctor Joanna Mayer treated a child who had suffered a second degree burn. After the child had been treated and was being prepared for discharge, Doctor Mayer talked to the parents about how they should care for the child at home. Also listening to her were a half a dozen other family members. A few hours later, when she came to say goodbye, the family asked her to settle an argument they’d been having over exactly what advice she had given. “As I talked to them, I was amazed.” she said, “All of them had heard the simple instructions I have given just a few hours before, but they have three or four different versions. The most basic details were unclear and confusing. I was surprised, because these were intelligent people.” This episode gave Doctor Mayer her first clue to something every doctor learns sooner or later---- most people just don’t listen very well.

　　Nowadays, she says she repeats her instructions, and even conducts a reality check with some patients. She asks them to tell her what they think they are supposed to do. She also provides take-home sheets which are computer printouts tailored to the patients’ situation. Doc. Mayer’s listeners are not unusual. When new or difficult material is presented, almost all listeners are faced with a challenge because human speech lacks the stability and permanence of the printed word. Oral communication is fast-moving and impermanent.

　　29. What did the child’s family members argue about in the hospital?

　　30. What does Doc. Mayer do to insure her patients understand her instructions?

　　31. What does the speaker say about human speech?

　　乔安娜•玛雅是一名急诊室医生。早年，她曾医治了一名二度烧伤的孩子。这个孩子接受完治疗准备出院时，玛雅医生告诉孩子父母在家如何照顾孩子，在场的还有六位家庭其他成员。几小时后，当她来与孩子再见的时候，孩子一家请她解决争论，他们一直争论她的医嘱到底是什么。“因为我已经告诉过他们，所以我很惊讶。”她说，“他们所有的人都在短短几小时前听到了我给出的简单的医嘱，但是他们有三、四个不同的版本。最基本的细节都不清楚且很困惑。我很吃惊，因为这些是聪明人。”这一段插曲给了玛雅医生第一个线索，而这迟早每个医生都会懂得，即大多数人听的不准确。

　　如今，玛雅说她反复重复医嘱，甚至对一些病人进行现场核查。她要他们告诉她他们应该做的事。她还根据病人的情况提供可带回家的打印文本。玛雅医生的听众都是正常人。当面对新资料或难度较大的资料时，几乎所有的听众都会面临挑战，因为人类口语缺乏书面文字的稳定性和永久性。口头交流速度快但持续时间短。

　　29. 孩子的家庭成员在医院里争论的是什么?

　　30. 为确保病人明白她的医嘱，玛雅医生做了什么?

　　31. 说话者如何评述人类口语?