2011年6月英语四级考试模拟试题及答案5_第8页

    Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Most conceptions of the process of motivation begin with the assumption that behavior is, at least in part, directed towards the attainment of goals or towards the satisfaction of needs or motives. Accordingly, it is appropriate to begin our consideration of motivation in the work place by examining the motives for working. Simon points out that an organization should be able to secure the participation of a person by offering him inducements（引诱）which contribute in some way to at least one of his goals. The kinds of inducements offered by an organization are varied, and if they are effective in maintaining participation they must necessarily be based on the needs of the individuals.

Maslow examines in detail what these needs are. He points out not only that there are many needs ranging from basic physiological drives such as hunger to a more abstract desire for self-realization, but also that they are arranged in a hierarchy（等级制度）whereby the lower-order needs must to a large degree be satisfied before the higher-order ones come into play.

One of the most obvious ways in which work organizations attract and retain members is through the realization that economic factors are not the only inducement for working as indicated by Morse and Weiss. In line with the social respect and self-realization needs discussed by Maslow, factors such as associations with others, self-respect gained through the work, and a high interest value of the work can serve effectively to induce people to work.

 

57. According to Maslow, a work organization is able to motivate people to work by _______.

A) satisfying their physiological needs   
B) satisfying their self-realization needs
C) satisfying hierarchy of their higher-order need 
D) first satisfying their lower-order needs

58. Lower-order needs concern a person\'s _______.

A) essential physical needs        C) self-realization
 B) self-respect                 D) working relationships with others

 

59. Which of the following is NOT a higher need that attracts people to work?

A) Association with others.                         C) Interest value of the work.

B) Possibility of earning a good salary.         D) Cultivation of self-respect.

 

60. Which of the following statements may be supported by Morse and Weiss?

A) Physiological needs are the most basic.
B) There is a hierarchy of needs that must be met.
C) Economic factors are the greatest inducement.
D) Personal esteem and the gaining of power is the most important factor.

 

61. Simon points out that ________.

A) the needs of individuals range from hunger to self-realization
B) economic factors are not the only inducement for working
C) effective inducements must be based on what individuals want
D) inducements must not be too varied