1、温家宝总理谈中国政治体制改革(《华盛顿邮报》采访)
A:中国的经济改革发展迅速,使得中国在短期内取得高速增长。中国是否需要加快政治改革以跟上经济改革的步伐?
B:China embarked on the road to reform and opening up in 1978. Our reform is a comprehensive one which includes both economic and political restructuring. Precisely as Mr. Deng Xiaoping pointed out, without political reform, economic reform would not be successful. In essence, political restructuring in China aims at integrating the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, the people’s role as masters of their own affairs, and the rule of law in the conduct of public affairs.
At present, it is particularly important to do a good job with regard to the following. First of all, we should develop democracy to safeguard people’s democratic rights and to respect and protect their human rights. Secondly, we should improve the legal system through better legislation, better administration according to the law, and greater judicial reform. Thirdly, we should run the country according to the law, making our socialist democracy more institutionalized, standardized and regularized, and in this way we can make sure that it will not change because of changes in the leadership or changes in the views and priorities of leaders. Fourthly, we must strengthen supervision, and we should make sure that the government is placed under the supervision of the people. We have to develop democracy and strengthen supervision. Only in this way can we make sure the government will not relent in its efforts, and this would help avoid a situation whereby the government would be a failure.
China is a big country with 1.3 billion people. So, political reform should be pressed ahead in an orderly fashion and in a well-organized manner. Now there exist many misunderstandings. For instance, with regard to freedom of religious belief. Freedom of religious belief is clearly written into China’s constitution. China currently has over 100 million religious followers and over 100,000 religious sites.
Since the beginning of the reform and opening up, one religious site has been either built or restored every three days. There are quite a number of religious sites around the Zhongnanhai. For instance, to the east of Zhongnanhai, there’s the Wangfujing Catholic Church. To the south, there’s the Islamic mosque on Niujie Street. To the north, there’s the Yonghe Buddhist Monastery. To the west is the Baiyun Taoist Temple. Nearest to Zhongnanhai is the famous Sishiku Catholic Church, which has a long history in China. If you visit these religious sites, I’m sure you will see people practicing their religious faith.
A:今后中国在政治改革方面还会有什么步骤?比如说现在的直接选举,是否会从基层推进到乡镇?
B: At the moment, we have introduced the practice of self-administration and direct elections in 680,000 villages. This is a great innovation, and it is also very good practice for Chinese farmers. We have also introduced suffrage for the election of people’s deputies at the level of townships, counties and urban cities without districts. Indirect elections are held for the leadership of the provinces, and of municipalities with districts, as well as for the central authorities. Why? This is because China is such a huge country with such a big population. It is still underdeveloped, and economic development is uneven between regions. So conditions are not ripe for direct elections at the higher levels. The fist hindrance in my view is the inadequate education level of the population.
2、《华盛顿邮报》总编谈中国
有人说,《华盛顿邮报》经常把中国描绘成一个“共产主义的专制国家”,那里的人民“没有民主,没有自由”。他们问为什么《华盛顿邮报》对这些负面的字眼如此感兴趣?对此,我不能赞同。首先,包括《华盛顿邮报》和《纽约时报》在内,几乎所有的美国大报今天都不再将中国称为“专制国家”。《华盛顿邮报》已经有很长时间不再使用这类词汇了。今天,我们依然称中国为“共产党国家”,那是因为这是一个事实,中国确实是由共产党所统治的。
今天,《华盛顿邮报》正在努力尝试去理解中国的复杂性。去年本报就发表了好几篇有关中国市民社会的长篇报道。这些报道主题多样,内容涉及到网络、工人、政府与个体的冲突等等。这些报道全面反映了中国的复杂性。
中国是一个大国,每天都在发生很多不同的事情,这些事情很多是自相矛盾的。比如,中国的经济成就在短时间内让成千上万的老百姓脱离贫困,这是人类历史上任何其他国家都望尘莫及的。但同时中国也面临许多矛盾。全世界都在拭目以待,看中国领导人如何解决这些矛盾。
我们都应该向中国学习。中国对我们未来生活的影响将会越来越大。在过去的50年中,美国发生的一切影响到了全世界众多地方。今天,中国的作用与美国有异曲同工之妙。 作为正在崛起的经济大国,中国将对世界——包括美国——发挥却来越大的影响力,尤其是在经济领域。中国人民将很快接受这样一个事实,那就是中国发生的事情将对世界产生巨大的影响。
我到过中国三次。第一次是在1999年。第二次是2001年3月,期间我有幸采访了中国国家主席江泽民。第三次是2003年11月,期间我又采访了中国国务院总理温家宝。中国有令人难以置信的活力,中国文化也是如此丰富多彩。每次到中国,我都感觉自己看到了世界的未来。中国是个极富魅力的国家。每次到中国,我都看到学到了一些新东西。中国的景色无与伦比,发展潜力巨大。我认为,中国如何应对今后的挑战将决定这个星球的未来。
我认为自己没有资格来评价中国的领导人。每次采访中国领导人的时候,我都深切感到他们准备充分、专注投入、知识渊博,对中国在世界舞台上扮演的角色中满了自信。**【中国如此庞大,有这么多的问题需要对付,人民贫富差距如此之大,世界上恐怕再也找不出比管理中国更复杂的工作了。】这比当美国总统难得多,尽管两者有诸多不同之处。
3、与中国的理智关系——霍华德欢迎胡锦涛访问澳大利亚联邦议会
尊敬的众议长先生、参议长先生:
我代表澳大利亚政府及各位议员,热烈欢迎人民共和国主席胡锦涛来到澳大利亚联邦议会,同时也欢迎胡夫人以及中方的所有成员。
毫不夸张地说,若是在10年前,这样的访问活动是非常不可能发生的。同样,要是在10年前,我也无法想象作为澳大利亚的总理,我能有机会在北京对中国共产党中央党校的官员做演讲。而在2002年,我作为西方中右派政党的领袖,我确实这样做了。
我认为,这说明了几个问题。这说明世界已经发生了一些变化。这说明澳中关系具有理智的特征,因为2002年我的访问和今天胡主席的来访并没有以两国牺牲各自独特的传统为条件。我认为澳中关系是成熟而务实的,是以日趋紧密的人员往来为基础的。两国处于不同的社会,拥有不同的文化、传统和历史,完全没有必要回避这一事实。可以说,澳大利亚两大政治派别的历届政府一直努力在两国关系中体现这一事实,这对双方都有巨大而长远的好处。
因此,从这几点来说,澳中关系是非常成熟和务实的关系。人员往来是极其重要的,我可以这样说,如今在澳大利亚最普遍的外语是汉语的一种方言。3%的澳洲人口,也就是超过55万人,具有中国血统。就我个人而言,在我所代表的碧尼龙选区,13.3%的选民具有中国血统。澳大利亚的中国留学生达到了34,000人。
……
胡主席、胡夫人,非常欢迎你们的来访。感谢你们的到来,祝你们身体健康。相信你们会受到澳大利亚人民的热烈欢迎,他们会以行动展示出他们对两国关系的重视。
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