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Natural flavorings and fragrances are often costly and limited in supply. For example, the vital ingredient in a rose fragrance is extracted from natural rose oil at a cost of thousands of dollars a pound; an identical synthetic substance can be made for 1% of this cost. Since the early twentieth century, success in reproducing these substances has created a new industry that today produces hundreds of artificial flavors and fragrances.
Some natural fragrances are easily synthesized; these include vanillin, the aromatic ingredient in vanilla, and benzaldehyde, the aromatic ingredient in wild cherries. Other fragrances, however, have dozens, even hundreds of components. Only recently has it been possible to separate and identit3, these ingredients by the use of gas chromatography and spectroscopy. Once the chemical identity is known, it is often possible to synthesize them. Nevertheless, some complex substances, such as the aroma of fresh coffee, have still not been duplicated satisfactorily.
Many of the chemical compounds making up these synthetics are identical to those found in nature, and are as harmless or harmful as the natural substances. New products must be tested for safety, and when used in food, must be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
The availability of synthetic flavors and fragrances has made possible a large variety of products, from inexpensive beverages to perfumed soap to used cars with applied "new car odor."
71. From the passage we can learn that ______
A. natural flavorings and fragrances are not quite dear
B. the limitation of natural flavorings and fragrances is clear
C. the supply of natural flavorings and fragrances is adequate to meet the demand
D. the cost of producing natural flavorings and fragrances is high
72. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Natural rose fragrance is 100 times more expensive to produce than artificial rose fragrance.
B. The most important ingredient in a rose fragrance is obtained from natural rose oil at a low cost.
C. A different synthetic substance can be made for 1% of the cost.
D. Natural rose oil costs the same as its fragrances.
73. The industry of producing hundreds of artificial flavors and fragrances probably appeared in ______
A. 2000 B. 1953
C. 1909 D. 1810
74. According to the passage, all the following are easier to synthesize EXCEPT ______
A. aromatic ingredient in vanilla
B. vanilla
C. aromatic ingredient in wild cherry
D. the flavor of fresh coffee
75. The underlined word "duplicated" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______
A. make double
B. make a copy of
C. produce something equal to
D. take from
76. Why does the author mention fresh coffee in Paragraph 2?
A. As an example of complex substances having not been duplicated satisfactorily.
B. Because the coffee fragrance is hard to produce.
C. To conclude the passage.
D. The smell of fresh coffee is inviting.www.ExamW.CoM
77. ______ a substance can be synthesized.
A. Upon identifying the basic components of it
B. Once chemically analyzed
C. When gas chromatography is used
D. If spectroscopy is adopted
78. It can be inferred from the passage that ______
A. vanillin is easier to synthesize than benzaldehyde
B. not all synthetic flavors are harmless
C. in general, the less components there are in a fragrance, the harder it is to synthesize
D. synthesized substances must be tested for safety only if they are used in food
79. Which of the following is the best title for tile passage?
A. How to Synthesize Fragrances
B. Synthetic Substances Are Easy to Make
C. Natural Flavorings and Fragrances
D. Synthetic Flavors and Fragrances
80. Which of the following is NOT true according to the last paragraph?
A. Synthetic fragrances can be used to make a used car smell like a new one.
B. Synthetic flavors and fragrances have added to the varieties of products.
C. Lemon soap is made out of some delicious lemon.
D. It is likely that a bottle of orange juice is synthesized.
71.D[分析] 细节题型。
见第一段第一句：Natural flavorings and fragrances are often costly and limited in supply.因此选项D为答案。
72.A[分析] 是非题型。
见第一段第二句的后半部分：For example，the vital ingredient in a rose fragrance is extracted from natural rose oil at a cost of thousands of dollars a pound;an identical synthetic substance can be made for 1% of this cost.意即：玫瑰香(料)所需的成分是从天然玫瑰油中萃取的，这种萃取物一磅价值要数千美元;而人工合成的玫瑰香料价值只是天然的百分之一。因此选项 A为答案。
73.C[分析] 细节题型。
见第一段第三句：Since the early twentieth century, success in reproducing these substances has created a new industry that…符合“二十世纪早期”条件的选项只有C，所以是答案。
74.D[分析] 细节题型。
本题可用排除法。见第二段第一句：Some natural fragrances are easily synthesized; these include vanillin，the aromatic ingredient in vanilla，and benzaldehyde，the aromatic ingredient in wild cherries.选项A、B、C的内容均被提及，因此除外的选项只有D，所以D为答案。(本题答案也可用下一题的推断法推出)
75.C[分析] 推断题型。
从第二段前几句得知：Some natural fragrances are easily synthesized.(有些天然香料可以很容易地进行人工合成。)Other fragrances，however，have dozens， even hundreds of components.(而有些却包含有几十甚至上百种成分——言外之意，较难合成。)Only recently has it been possible to separate and identify these ingredients by the use of gas chromatography and spectroscopy.(只是到了最近，由于使用气相色谱分析和分光镜才能分离或鉴别出这些成分。)Once the chemical identity is known，it is often possible to synthesize them.(一旦了解了它们的化学成分，人们就有可能将之合成。)Nevertheless, some complex substances, (然而仍有一些复杂的成分，如新鲜咖啡的香味难以合成得令人满意。);由此可推断出很难合成与新鲜咖啡香味相同的香料。选项C内容与此意最接近，所以是答案。
76.A[分析] 推断题型。
见上题推理：作者之所以提及新鲜咖啡，是借此例来说明一些成分复杂的物质很难令人满意地合成出来。所以选项A为答案。
77.B[分析] 细节题型。
见第二段倒数第二句(见75题答案)，所以选项B为答案。
78.B[分析] 推断题型。
见第三段第一句：Many of the chemical compounds…and are as harmless or harmful as the natural substances.由此推断出：有些化学合成物(其中也包括香料)与其自然界存在的物质一样是无害的，有些则是有害的。因此选项B为答案。
79.D[分析] 主旨题型。
阅读全文可知本文是围绕天然调味品和香料供应有限且价格不菲(见第一段第一句)，后有了人工合成品替代(尽管有些合成容易，有些困难)，使大量生产成为可能：其中主要部分谈的是人工合成品(调味品和香料)：因此选项D为答案。
80.C[分析] 细节题型。
可用排除法：选项A、D的内容见第四段后半句，选项B的内容见第四段前半句：只有选项C的内容未被提及(因为lemon柠檬属于natural substance，不是人工合成物)，所以是答案。
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