2018年商务英语考试高级写作词汇及例句：D

2018年商务英语考试高级写作词汇及例句：D

　　D

　　D/A 1.deposit account定期存款

　　2.document against acceptance 承兑交单

　　damages [ 5dAmidVz ] (n. pl) money claimed for harm done 赔偿金

　　[例] We are claiming damages for unfair dismissal.

　　[同义词] compensation,reparation

　　danger money (n) extra money or high wages paid to people working in hazardous conditions危险工作津贴 [例] All medical staff who were fighting SARS to save patient’s life received danger money.

　　database [ 5deitEbeis ] (n.) date bank 数据库

　　day book (n) a book containing records of invoices, credit notes, etc. 日记帐

　　[例] She wrote the invoice number in the day book to update the accounts.

　　deadline[ 5dedlain ] (n.) date/time by which something has to be done最终期限

　　[例] The deadline for the application is tomorrow morning.

　　deal [ di:l ]1.(n.) 1.business agreement交易

　　[例] We set up a deal with our agents.

　　2. (v.) trade, buy and sell做生意

　　[例] He deals in gold.

　　[同义词] trade, bargain, negotiate

　　dealer [ 5di:lE ] (n.) person who buys and sells商人

　　[例] a foreign exchange dealer

　　[同义词] merchant, trader, tradesman

　　dear [ diE ] (adj.) high-priced; expensive昂贵的

　　[例] a dear gift

　　[同义词] expensive, costly, pricey

　　dear money (n) money that is difficult to borrow because of high interest rate 高利息借贷资本

　　[例] Government adopted the dear money policy to restrain the overhot investment in the real estate.

　　debenture [di5bentFE ] (n) a form of long-term loan, with a fixed rate of interest and usually repaid at a fixed date 公司债券

　　[例] The company sold the debenture for financing.

　　debit [ 5debit ]1. (n.) money which is owed借方

　　[例] The debit column is the left-hand column in accounts.

　　2. (v.) debit an account记入借方

　　[例] debit$5 against a person's account

　　direct debit money withdrawn automatically from a bank account for regular payments直接借记

　　debt [ det ] (n.) money owed 债务

　　[同义词] liability, obligation, due

　　to get into debt 负债

　　to be out of debt 不欠债

　　to pay off a debt 偿清债务

　　debt ratio (n) the relationship between the total amount of money owned by a company and the company’s shareholder’s funds负债比率

　　[例] As the debt ratio is ever-increasing, investors fell uncertain about the prospect of the company.

　　debtor [ 5detE ] (n.) person who owes money 债务人

　　aged debtors companies which owe money listed according to age of debt 长期债务人

　　declare[ di5klZE ] (v.) make an official statement公布

　　[例] The company declared interim profits of 420 million.

　　decline [ di5klain ]1. (n.) slow fall下滑

　　[同义词] decrease

　　2. (v.) fall slowly下滑

　　[同义词] decrease

　　[例] When the income level of the consumers declines, the market price for house will fall accordingly.

　　deduct [ di5dQkt ] (v.) subtract from the total figure 扣除

　　[例] After deducting all the costs, we actually made a loss.

　　[同义词] subtract, take away

　　deductible [ di5dQktEbl ] (adj.) which can be deducted可扣除的

　　[例] tax-deductible

　　deduction [ di5dQkFEn ] (n.) subtraction from the total figure扣除，减除

　　[例] after deduction of tax

　　[同义词] subtraction, reduction, decrease

　　default [ di5fC:lt ] 1. (n.) failure to meet the terms of a contract未履行

　　2. (v.) to fail to meet the terms of a contract违约

　　[例] In the end they have to meet a default.

　　defect [ di5fekt ] (n.) fault, something wrong in the design of a machine缺陷

　　[例] There is a small defect in this product.

　　defective [ di5fektiv ] (adj.) not working properly有缺陷的

　　[例] The defective working line slowed down the entire production process.

　　defer [ di5fE: ] (v.) to put off to a later date推迟

　　[例] Please defer shipment until you receive our further instructions.

　　[同义词] delay, postpone, ajourn

　　deferred payments (n.) payments postponed to a later date延期付款

　　[例] We cannot accept deferred payment.

　　deficit [ 5defisit ] (n.) amount by which expenditure is higher than income赤字

　　[例] They have incurred trade deficit for several years.

　　[同义词] shortage, shortfall,deficiency

　　deflation [dI5fleIF(E)n ](n) a reduction in the amount of money circulating in a country’s economy, so that prices fall or remain steady 通货紧缩

　　[例] Under the policy of deflation , prices have fallen back to a normal level

　　delegate [ 5deli^it ] 1. (v.) to give authority and responsibility to someone to act on one’s behalf委派为…代表 2. (n.) person to whom authority and responsibility are given代理 3. (n.) person representing an organization at a meeting or conference大会代表

　　[例] We note that you will have delegated your Miss Chris to attend the Shanghai Fair.

　　delegation [ 7deli5^eiFEn ] (n.) group of delegates代表团

　　[例] The Shanghai Trade Delegation was warmly received at Hong Kong Spring Commodities Fair.

　　deliver [ di5livE ] (v.) transport goods to a customer送货

　　[例] You as the VIP customer can choose the way how we deliver our product to you and the charge will be free.

　　delivery cycle (n.) time from receipt of customer order to shipment供货周期

　　[例] We should try to shorten the delivery cycle.

　　demand [ di5mB:nd ] (n.) 1. request for payment请求偿付

　　[例] First demands were issued to all late payers.

　　2. need for products and services at a certain price需求

　　[例] We are having difficulty meeting demand.

　　demand management (n.) series of activities to recognize and manage all the demands for products需求的监督和调节

　　[例] They decided to carry out demand management to get information from consumers.

　　demotivated (adj.) not interested失去动力的

　　[例] The depression of economy demotivated them at last.

　　denationalize [di:5nAFEnElaIz] (v) to put a government-owned company or industry back into private ownership 私营化

　　[例] Sooner or later, China’s communication sector will be completely denationalized.

　　[同义词] privatize

　　department [ di5pB:tmEnt ] (n.) part of an organization部门

　　[例] The employment manager would like to talk to some of the company’s supervisors and department heads.

　　[同义词] branch, division, subdivision

　　deposit [ di5pCzit ] (n.) 1.money placed in a bank account存款

　　[例] Once your deposit in our bank exceeds 50,000 USD, the monthly 20 USD account maintenance fees will be exempted.

　　deposit account account earning interest有息存款，储蓄存款

　　[例] We require 7 days’ notice of withdrawal on this deposit account.

　　2. money paid in advance in order to reserve a product押金

　　depot [ 5depEu; 5di:pEu] (n.) warehouse仓库

　　[例] The goods are temporally stored in the depot near the port.

　　depreciate[ di5praivEbl ] (v.) reduce the value of assets in the accounts over a certain time贬值

　　[例] We depreciate business equipment over 5 years.

　　[同义词] devalue, devaluate

　　depreciation [ di7pri:Fi5eiFEn ] (n.) reduction in the value of an asset贬值

　　[同义词] devaluation, deflation

　　deregulate [di:re^jJleIt] (v) to free an industry , an organization, etc from price control, especially by a government 撤消管制

　　[例] to deregulate the food market

　　deskilling (n) the losing of skills by workers through unemployment , lack of training , etc.失去技能

　　[例] The great depression caused many companies to lay off their workers which would result in deskilling of staff.

　　desktop [5desktRp] (n.) desktop computer 台式电脑

　　despatch [ dis5pAtF ] see: dispatch

　　devalue [di:5vAlju:] (v.) reduce the value of a currency against other currencies(货币)贬值

　　[例] The war inside the country severely hurts the consumers’ confidence and devalues its currency in the international financial market.

　　[同义词] depreciate, devaluate

　　devaluation [ 7di:vAlju5eiFEn ] (n.) the deduction in the value of a currency against other currencies(货币)贬值

　　[同义词] depreciation, deflation

　　differentiate [ 7difE5renFieit ] (v.) to make something different or highlight the difference between two things区别

　　[例] It is hard to differentiate the one from the other.

　　[同义词] distinguish, set apart,separate

　　differentiation [ 7difE7renFi5eiFEn ] (n.) making sure that a product has distinguishing features区别

　　[例] Line 1 and Line 2 have little differentiation.

　　price differential (n) the difference in prices charged for the same product in different shops, or for different products in a range 差价

　　[例] The price for this air-conditioner is the lowest in Shanghai, and if you can find lower price for it within 15 days, we will refund the price differential to you.

　　direct [ di5rekt, dai5rekt ] (v.) manage, be in charge of管理，指挥

　　[例] He directs our sales operation.

　　[同义词] namage, control, run

　　director [ di5rektE, dai5rektE ] (n.) person appointed by shareholders to help manage a company 主管，董事

　　managing director UK [US Chief Executive Officer] 执行总裁

　　direct flight flight without transfer 直航

　　direct mail (n.) selling a product by sending information through the post直接邮寄广告

　　[例] We have to wait for 2 days if we send it by direct mail.

　　direct selling (n.) selling directly to a customer without going through any middlemen直销

　　[例] Direct selling can save a lot of money.

　　directory [ di5rektEri ] (n.) reference book containing listings目录

　　[例] a telephone directory, a trade directory

　　discount [ 5diskaunt ]1. (n.) percentage reduction in a full price打折

　　[例] You can have 5% discount as a VIP customer.

　　2. (v.) reduce the full price打折

　　[同义词] rebate

　　disintegration [ dis7inti5^reiFEn ](n) the breaking up of a company or group of companies 解散

　　[例]At last , the merger of these two big companies comes to disintegration.

　　dismiss [ dis5mis ] (v.) remove from employment, sack (inf)解雇

　　[例] You are dismissed for your poor performance and bad working attitude.

　　[同义词] discharge

　　dismissal [ dis5misEl ] (n.) act of dismissing解雇

　　[例] These rules are formal-such as the procedure for dismissal.

　　[同义词] discharge

　　dispatch 1. (n.) sending goods to a customer送货

　　[例] dispatch department

　　2. (v.) send goods to customers送货

　　display [dI5spleI] 1. (n.) show/exhibition of goods展览

　　[例] There was a display of the latest research at the trade fair in Frankfurt.

　　2. (v.) show, exhibit展览

　　dispute [ dis5pju:t ]1. (n.) a disagreement争论

　　[例] We hope the matter in dispute will soon be settled.

　　2. (v.) to disagree争辩

　　distribute [ dis5tribju(:)t ] (v.) send out goods from the manufacturer to the end user分销

　　[例] The distributing line of the company is very advanced and considerable.

　　distribution [ 7distri5bju:FEn ] (n.) act of sending goods from the producer to another person or organization分销

　　[例] Have you prepared for the distribution of the goods?

　　distributor [ dis5tribjutE ] (n.) person or company which sells goods for a manufacturer分销商

　　[例] We are the sole distributors.

　　diversify [ dai5vE:siti ] (v.) extend into new business areas多元化

　　[例] Although we are a chemicals company, we diversified into publishing.

　　[同义词] vary, variegate

　　diversification [ daivE:sifi5keiFEn ] (n.) act of diversifying多元化

　　[例] The superior leaders of the company believe the diversification will bring larger market and more profits.

　　divest [ dai5vest ] (v.) to sell assets出售

　　[例] We cannot divest all assets.

　　dividend [ 5dividend ] (n.) percentage of profits paid to shareholders红利

　　[例] The size of the dividend payment is decided by the board of the directors.

　　[同义词] bonus

　　dividend per share (n) the amount of money paid by a company to its shareholders divided by the total number of shares issues 每股股息

　　[例] After the reshuffle of the company, there is a huge rise in dividend per share .

　　division [ di5viVEn ] (n.) main part of a large organisation部门

　　[例] The job description indicates where the job is to be carried out in terms of location, plant, division, department, and section.

　　documentation [ 7dCkjumen5teiFEn ] (n.) a collection of documents referring to a subject文件资料

　　[例] We have noted your instructions about documentation and will do accordingly.

　　dog [ dC^ ] (n.) term used in Boston Matrix to describe a product with low market growth and low market share(波士顿距阵中)市场占有率低、增长率慢的瘦狗产品

　　donate [ dEu5neit ] (v.) to present as a gift to a fund or cause; contribute捐赠

　　[例] TOSHIBA donated $ 5 m to Cambridge Univ.

　　[同义词] give, bestow

　　domestic [ dE5mestik ] (adj.) referring to the home market国内的

　　[例] Large domestic market encourages us to explore overseas markets.

　　[同义词] internal

　　dominant [ 5dCminEnt ] (adj.) most prominent as in position of market (市场)领导地位的

　　[例] In these newer markets the firm is dominant.

　　down payment a partial payment made at the time of purchase, with the balance to be paid later头期款购买时的部分付款

　　down market (n. adj & adv) cheap, low end of the market 低端市场(的)

　　down-time/downtime [ 5dauntaim ] (n.) time when factory machines are not producing停工期

　　[例] The downtime of the machine is too long. We’d better call the technician to maintain it.

　　downturn [`daJnt\:n] (n.) a tendency downward, especially in business or economic activity低迷时期

　　[例] There is a terrific downturn in retail sales six years ago.

　　DP (n.) (=Data Processing) the use of data by computers数据处理

　　drawer [ 5drC:E ] (n) one that draws, especially one that draws an order for the payment of money 开票人

　　[例] The cheque was bounced to the drawer because there was not enough money in his account.

　　drawee [ drC:5i: ] (n) the party on which an order for the payment of money is drawn受票人

　　[例] The drawee refused to accept the cheque because there was no signature in it.

　　drill [ dril ] (n.) disciplined, repetitious exercise as a means of teaching and perfecting a skill or procedure训练

　　[例] easy and short drills

　　drive [draIv]1 (n.) energy内驱力,冲劲

　　[例] His drive was worn out in the long run.

　　[同义词] vigour

　　2.(v.) urge forward催使，促进

　　[例] New technological solutions are needed to tackle the problem and to help drive businesses forward to improve their productivity and output.

　　[同义词] propel, push, impel

　　due [ dju: ] (adj.) owed应付的，到期的

　　[例] This debt became due last week.

　　dull [ dQl ] (adj.) (of business or market)sluggish; flat 不景气的

　　[例] The business of this company is dull this year.

　　duplicate [5dju:plikeit ](n) an exact copy of a document such as a letter, a report, a receipt , and invoice etc.副本

　　[例] Keep the duplicate for your reference.

　　[同义词] copy

　　duty-free (adj.) exempt from customs duties 免税的

　　[例] duty-free merchandise