circumvention, especially if an employee has a particular reason (in his or her opinion) to do so, such as the belief that higher

　　bonuses will be earned.

　　Management overriding controls, presumably in the belief that the controls put in place are inconvenient or inappropriate and

　　should not apply to them.

　　The occurrence of unforeseeable circumstances is the final cause referred to in the Turnbull Report. Control systems are

　　designed to cope with a given range of variables and when an event happens outwith that range, the system may be unable

　　to cope.

　　Tutorial note: accept other, equivalent explanations or references to other governance codes if valid. Study texts make

　　reference obliquely rather than as a ‘list’ to learn. The above points can be expressed in different ways.

　　Time allowed

　　This paper is divided into two sections:

　　Section A – This ONE question is compulsory and MUST be attempted

　　Section B – TWO questions ONLY to be attempted

　　Do NOT open this paper until instructed by the supervisor.

　　During reading and planning time only the question paper may

　　be annotated. You must NOT write in your answer booklet until

　　instructed by the supervisor.

　　This question paper must not be removed from the examination hall.

　　The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants